Opkomst og afvikling af faget sykepleievitenskap ved Universitet i Bergen (1979-2019)

Abstract

Artiklen præsenterer descriptivt og analyserer frem en forklaring på oprettelsen og nedlægglesen af faget sykepleievitenskapved Universitet i Bergen (UiB). Sykepleievitenskapkonstitueredes 1979 med et professorat i Bergen, det første i Norden, og der oprettedes i den forbindelse et institutt for højere sykepleirutdanning. UiB er det eneste sted i Vest-Norge hvor sykeplejersker har haft mulighed for at blive skolet i grundvidenskapligeteorier, begreber og metoder, og for at aflægge eksamen på master-og ph.d.-niveau i studier‘om’sygepleje. I 2019 lagde UiB ned studietilbudet. Efter en lang planlæggelses-og oprettelsesproces siden 1960’erne, begyndte nedlæggelsen gradvis i 2003. På det tidspunkt gik sykepleievitenskapfra at være et autonomt fagmed en egen logiktil at blive en studieretning. Organiseringen var på et eget institut,som forvandles til en seksjon, senere til en faggruppemed forskninggrupper,for til sidst helt at forsvinde, som et eget fag. Instituttet ændrer organisering af helsefagog samler flere delfag til eet fagområde (undtagen fagene sykepleievitenskapog fysioterapivitenskap) og der etableres undervisningsgrupper, hvor alle ansatte forventes at kunne undervise inden for alle uddannelser ved institutionen, ikke alene inden for egenfagdisciplin. Sykepleievitenskapgik med andre ord fra ‘hovedfag’, til ‘mastergrad’i helsefagmed studieretning sykepleievitenskap,til at ophøre helt som fag ved UiB. En ny grad, master i helse og samfunn, oprettedes. Ordet vitenskaper fjernet fra titlen. Man fastholder tre helsefaglige studieretninger(genetisk veiledning, yrkeshygiejne, manuel terapi), og et fjerde element som kaldes Ulike perspektiv på sentrale helseutfordringar, der kan forstås som overgribende teoretiske refleksioner over helsefaggenerelt, og som repræsenterer elementer fra det tidligere sykepleivitenskapog fysioterapivitenskap. De studieretninger som understøtter den dominante majorprofession medicin opretholdes og udvikles, mens de to studieretninger, sykepleievitenskapog fysioterapivitenskap, som etableredes som autonome fag med egne logikker, afvikles.

The article describes and explains analytically the establishment and closure of the subject Nursing Science at the University of Bergen. Nursing Science was established there with a professorship in 1979. This was the first professorship of its kind in the Nordic countries. The Department of Higher Nursing Education was established accordingly. The university of Bergen has been the only place where nurses in Western Norway have had the opportunity to be educated in basic scientific theories, concepts and methods. and to graduate at master's and PhD level in theoretical studies of nursing. In 2019, the university closed the subject.After a long period of planning in 1950’s and the concurrent establishment of the master programme, annihilation gradually took place from 2003, when Nursing Science went from being an autonomous subject with its own logic to becoming a field of study, and from being organized as a separate department to a degraded status as a section, later a “subject group”, until the field of study eventually disappeared completely when the department restructured the health subjects (nursing science, science of physiotherapy, genetic counselling, and more) to one joint study with several subject areas (in which nursing science and physiotherapy science were not included).Nursing science has been decommissioned as an autonomous subject at the University of Bergen. The current offer is a masterprogramme in “health and society”. The word science is no longer included in the title of the programme. In the current model, three health professional fields of study are maintained; genetic counselling, occupational hygiene, and manual therapy), whereas nursing science (established 1978/1979) and physiotherapy science (established 1991), which were established as autonomous academic subjects with their own logic have been closed. It seems clear that it is the fields of study that support the dominant major profession of medicine are maintained and developed at the University of Bergen.