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dc.contributor.authorFjelltveit, Elisabeth Berg
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-16T07:17:56Z
dc.date.available2022-11-16T07:17:56Z
dc.date.issued2022-11-29
dc.date.submitted2022-11-09T19:47:06.219Z
dc.identifiercontainer/e2/41/7b/4e/e2417b4e-3a71-45e0-8e88-9dd8f1380bbb
dc.identifier.isbn9788230840634
dc.identifier.isbn9788230846711
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/3032013
dc.description.abstractTidlig diagnostikk og rask og målrettet behandling kan forbedre utfallet av influensa og Covid-19 sykdom. Gjennom prospektive, kontrollerte observasjonsstudier har vi vist betydningen av rask diagnostikk for å redusere liggetid og starte tidlig antiviral behandling mot influensa, samt definert langtidsplager etter mild Covid-19 infeksjon. Under influensasesongen i 2018/2019 undersøkte vi effekten av å bruke en pasientnær nukleinsyrebasert influensa hurtigtest i akuttmottaket på Haukeland Sykehus sammenlignet med rask, standard laboratoriediagnostikk på Haraldsplass Diakonale Sykehus. Vi fant at den pasientnære hurtigtesten var raskere, og reduserte tidsbruk fra triage til influensatesting. Bruk av hurtigtest var forbundet med mer målrettet isolasjonsbruk og kortere sykehusopphold. Begge sykehus initierte antiviral behandling i >80% av bekreftede influensatilfeller. Pasientnær hurtigtest var ikke forbundet med lavere forbruk av antibiotika (gitt til >70%) eller kortere antibiotikakurer, som antyder at anibiotikastyrings-verktøy i forløpet etter akuttmottak kan være vel så viktig for å forbedre forskrivningspraksis. Bekymring om overforbruk av antibiotika økte under Covid-19 pandemien. Derfor undersøkte vi antibiotikabruk blant innlagte koronapasienter i Bergen under den første bølgen av pandemien. Vi sammenlignet med 2018/2019 influensapasienter fra samme sykehus, samt nasjonale tall over alle Covid-19 relaterte sykehus-innleggelser i Norge i 2020. Vi så at Covid-19 pasienter fikk færrest antibiotikakurer, men det var et høyere forbruk av resistensdrivende antibiotika. Videre så vi en positiv utvikling med redusert antibiotikabruk hos Covid-19 pasienter som ble innlagt i andre bølge av pandemien, sammenlignet med den første. Til slutt undersøkte vi forekomst av restplager, også kalt «long Covid» blant hjemmeisolerte Covid-19 pasienter opp til 18 måneder etter akutt Covid-19 sykdom. Nesten halvparten av pasientene hadde restplager. Vanligst var utmattelse, hukommelse- og konsentrasjonsvansker og tungpust, og ved 12 måneder var forekomsten av disse plagene mye høyere enn blant en aldersjustert seronegativ kontrollgruppe. SARS-CoV-2 spesifikke immunsvar korrelerte også med restplager. Totalt sett så vi at Covid-19 pasienter hadde økt risiko for en rekke symptomer, og at for de fleste tar det lang tid å bli kvitt plagene.en_US
dc.description.abstractCurrent knowledge indicates that early diagnosis along with timely and targeted management have the potential to improve the outcomes after Influenza and SARS-CoV-2. During the influenza season 2018/2019, we investigated the effect of implementing an ultra-rapid molecular influenza point-of-care test (POCT) in the emergency department (ED) (intervention hospital), compared to the use of rapid laboratory-based diagnostics (control hospital). We showed that influenza POCT was more rapid, reducing the time from triage to testing, allowing correct isolation of patients, and reduced the length of stay. Both hospitals similarly prescribed antivirals to >80% of influenza patients. The influenza POCT was not associated with reduced rate (>70% overall) or duration of antibiotic treatment, suggesting that antibiotic stewardship measures beyond the ED are important to improve targeted antibiotic use. The concern of overuse of antibiotics in respiratory viral infections increased in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Hence, we investigated antibiotic treatment in patients hospitalized during the first COVID-19-wave in Bergen, and compared to antibiotic treatment of our influenza patients and all nationally registered COVID-19 hospitalised patients. COVID-19 patients were prescribed fewer antibiotics than influenza patients, although more resistance-driving antibiotics were used. There was a positive development from the first to second COVID-19 pandemic wave, with reduced antibiotic use. We then investigated the long-term complications of non-severe COVID-19 in home isolated patients up to 18 months after acute infection, named long COVID. We found that up to 18 months, almost half of the patients had one or more residual symptoms, with fatigue, memory problems, concentration problems and dyspnea being most common. The symptom burden at 12 months was significantly higher after infection compared to age- and time-period matched seronegative controls, and we found humoral and cellular SARS-CoV-2 specific immune correlates of symptom sequelae. Overall, our studies demonstrated an excess risk of multiple symptoms, associated with COVID-19, and that recovery from symptoms is slow in most individuals. In conclusion, this work has shown the importance of timely diagnostics for reducing patient length of stay and timely antiviral treatment and defined the long-term complications after mild COVID-19.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherThe University of Bergenen_US
dc.relation.haspartPaper I. Fjelltveit E.B., Cox R.J., Østensjø J., Blomberg B., Ebbesen M.H., Langeland N., Mohn K. G-I. “Point-of-Care Influenza Testing Impacts Clinical Decision, Patient Flow, and Length of Stay in Hospitalized Adults.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2022, 226, 97-108. The article is available at: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3032009" target="blank">https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3032009</a>.en_US
dc.relation.haspartPaper II. Fjelltveit EB, Cox R.J., Kittang B.R., Blomberg B., Buanes E.A., Bergen Covid-19 Research Group, Langeland N., Mohn K. G-I. “Lower antibiotic prescription rates in hospitalized COVID-19 patients than influenza patients, a prospective study”. Infectious Diseases 2022 Feb;54(2):79-89. The article is available at: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2991566" target="blank">https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2991566</a>.en_US
dc.relation.haspartPaper III. Fjelltveit E.B., Blomberg B., Kuwelker K., Zhou F., Bredholt Onyango T., Brokstad K.A., Elyanow R., Kaplan I.M., Tøndel C., Mohn K.G-I., Özgümüş T., Cox R.J., Langeland N and Bergen COVID-19 Research Group. “Symptom burden and immune dynamics 6 to 18 months following mild SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case-control study”. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2022. The article is available at: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3030426" target="blank">https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3030426</a>.en_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). This item's rights statement or license does not apply to the included articles in the thesis.
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.titleClinical studies of epidemic influenza and pandemic COVID-19 to improve the chain of patient care: from bedside diagnostics to long-term complications :en_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.date.updated2022-11-09T19:47:06.219Z
dc.rights.holderCopyright the Author.en_US
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0001-8848-0325
dc.description.degreeDoktorgradsavhandling
fs.unitcode13-25-0


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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). This item's rights statement or license does not apply to the included articles in the thesis.
Med mindre annet er angitt, så er denne innførselen lisensiert som Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). This item's rights statement or license does not apply to the included articles in the thesis.