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Do smoking and fruit and vegetable intake mediate the association between socio-economic status and plasma carotenoids?

Type
Journal article
Peer reviewed
acceptedVersion
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EKvaavik170913_dosmoking.pdf (295.5Kb)
Date
2014
Author
Kvaavik, Elisabeth
Totland, Torunn Holm
Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah
Råberg Kjøllesdal, Marte Karoline
Tell, Grethe Seppola
Andersen, Lene Frost
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Abstract
Background: The aim was to study whether the association between educational attainment and antioxidant status is mediated by smoking and fruit and vegetable intake. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of the Oslo Youth Study 2006 wave were carried out. Information about education, smoking habits and diet was collected by questionnaire for 261 subjects (142 women and 119 men aged 38–42 years). Blood samples, height and weight measurements were taken by the participants’ General Practitioner. Blood were analysed for plasma carotenoids. Linear regression analyses were used to examine whether smoking and fruit and vegetable intake mediate the association between education and plasma carotenoids. Results: Educational level was positively associated with β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin, but not with total carotenoids, β-carotene or lycopene. Education was negatively associated with smoking and positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake. Smoking was negatively associated with β-cryptoxanthin, and fruit and vegetable intake was positively associated with β-cryptoxanthin (adjusted for educational level). Moreover, cigarette consumption mediated the association between education and β-cryptoxanthin by 37%, while fruit and vegetable intake mediated this association by 18%. The total mediation effect was 55%. Conclusion: Smoking seemed to be more important as a mediator between education and plasma levels of β-cryptoxanthin than the intake of fruit and vegetables, but more studies are needed to establish the relative importance of smoking and diet as mediators of the association between education and antioxidant status.
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1956/10576
DOI
10.1093/eurpub/ckt081
Citation
European Journal of Public Health 2014, 24(4):685-690
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Collections
  • Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care 1023
Copyright The Authors 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.

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