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dc.contributor.authorSridhar, Settueng
dc.contributor.authorSharma, Animesheng
dc.contributor.authorKongshaug, Heidieng
dc.contributor.authorNilsen, Frankeng
dc.contributor.authorJonassen, Ingeeng
dc.date.accessioned2014-09-19T08:55:56Z
dc.date.available2014-09-19T08:55:56Z
dc.date.issued2012-11-06eng
dc.identifier.issn1471-2164en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1956/8516
dc.description.abstractBackground: Francisella is a genus of gram-negative bacterium highly virulent in fishes and human where F. tularensis is causing the serious disease tularaemia in human. Recently Francisella species have been reported to cause mortality in aquaculture species like Atlantic cod and tilapia. We have completed the sequencing and draft assembly of the Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalisToba04 strain isolated from farmed Tilapia. Compared to other available Francisella genomes, it is most similar to the genome of Francisella philomiragia subsp. philomiragia, a free-living bacterium not virulent to human. Results: The genome is rearranged compared to the available Francisella genomes even though we found no IS-elements in the genome. Nearly 16% percent of the predicted ORFs are pseudogenes. Computational pathway analysis indicates that a number of the metabolic pathways are disrupted due to pseudogenes. Comparing the novel genome with other available Francisella genomes, we found around 2.5% of unique genes present in Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis Toba04 and a list of genes uniquely present in the human-pathogenic Francisella subspecies. Most of these genes might have transferred from bacterial species through horizontal gene transfer. Comparative analysis between human and fish pathogen also provide insights into genes responsible for pathogenecity. Our analysis of pseudogenes indicates that the evolution of Francisella subspecies’s pseudogenes from Tilapia is old with large number of pseudogenes having more than one inactivating mutation. Conclusions: The fish pathogen has lost non-essential genes some time ago. Evolutionary analysis of the Francisella genomes, strongly suggests that human and fish pathogenic Francisella species have evolved independently from free-living metabolically competent Francisella species. These findings will contribute to understanding the evolution of Francisella species and pathogenesis.en_US
dc.language.isoengeng
dc.publisherBioMed Centralen_US
dc.rightsAttribution CC BYeng
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0eng
dc.subjectFrancisellaeng
dc.subjectMacrophageeng
dc.subjectPseudogeneseng
dc.subjectGenomeeng
dc.subjectInsertion elementseng
dc.subjectComparative analysiseng
dc.titleWhole genome sequencing of the fish pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis Toba04 gives novel insights into Francisella evolution and pathogenecityen_US
dc.typePeer reviewed
dc.typeJournal article
dc.date.updated2013-08-23T09:03:14Z
dc.description.versionPeer Reviewed
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holderSettu Sridhar et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.en_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2012 Sridhar et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.en_US
dc.source.articlenumber598
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-598
dc.identifier.cristin988651
dc.source.journalBMC Genomics
dc.source.4013


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