• Curlometer Technique and Applications 

      Dunlop, M; Dong, X.C; Wang, T. C.; Eastwood, JP; Robert, P; Håland, Stein Egil; Yang, Y.; Escoubet, C. P.; Rong, ZJ; Shen, C; Fu, H.; De Keyser, Johan (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      We review the range of applications and use of the curlometer, initially developed to analyze Cluster multi-spacecraft magnetic field data; but more recently adapted to other arrays of spacecraft flying in formation, such ...
    • Particle Energization in Space Plasmas: Towards a Multi-Point, Multi-Scale Plasma Observatory 

      Retinò, Alessandro; Khotyaintsev, Y; Le Contel, O; Marcucci, Maria Federica; Plaschke, Ferdinand; Vaivads, Andris; Angelopoulos, Vassilis; Blasi, Pasquale; Burch, Jim; De Keyser, Johan; Dunlop, Malcolm; Dai, Lei; Eastwood, Jonathan; Fu, Huishan; Håland, Stein Egil; Hoshino, Masahiro; Johlander, Andreas; Kepko, Larry; Kucharek, Harald; Lapenta, Gianni; Lavraud, Benoit; Malandraki, Olga; Matthaeus, William; McWilliams, Kathryn; Petrukovich, Anatoli; Pinçon, Jean-Louis; Saito, Yoshifumi; Sorriso-Valvo, Luca; Vainio, Rami; Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      This White Paper outlines the importance of addressing the fundamental science theme “How are charged particles energized in space plasmas” through a future ESA mission. The White Paper presents five compelling science ...
    • Solar illumination control of ionospheric outflow above polar cap arcs 

      Maes, Lukas; Maggiolo, Romain; De Keyser, Johan; Dandouras, Iannis; Fear, Robert C.; Fontaine, Dominique; Haaland, Stein (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2015-03-12)
      We measure the flux density, composition, and energy of outflowing ions above the polar cap, accelerated by quasi-static electric fields parallel to the magnetic field and associated with polar cap arcs, using Cluster. ...