| dc.description.abstract | Polyphenols are an extensive group of compounds with important antioxidant properties, whose industrial use has shown a continuous increase in the last years. Their utilization in aquaculture is becoming progressively frequent, mainly for ameliorating the detrimental effects of the oxidative stress on fish. Their application for the partial or total replacement of the synthetic antioxidants is limited, despite numerous claims of similar, and in some cases, better performance than commonly used synthetic compounds as BHT and BHA. For the safe and efficient use of polyphenols in aquaculture, adequate analytical methods are needed, a task that is challenging due to their diversity in nature, instability, and the variety of matrices involved in the production process of the fish. This work aims at analyzing quantitatively six selected polyphenols in various stages of a fish farming process for salmon. Simple extraction methods for the selected polyphenols were developed for different matrices: antioxidant ingredient, fish feed and fish tissue, and further quantification by LC-MS/MS was conducted, allowing the monitoring of the content of polyphenols from the antioxidant ingredient to the fish tissue. The main polyphenols quantified in fish feed ingredients, fish diets at different production stages, and fish organs were hydroxytyrosol, carnosol, gallic acid and carnosic acid. Additionally, other related components, presumably 12-O-methyl carnosic acid, rosmanol and rosmarinic acid, were detected and semi-quantified by using the standards that closely resemble their chemical structure. This is the first study monitoring the levels of natural polyphenol antioxidants from fish ingredients and diet production to fish organs. | |
