Blar i Bergen Open Research Archive på forfatter "Fylkesnes, Knut"
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HIV-1, HSV-2 and syphilis among pregnant women in a rural area of Tanzania: Prevalence and risk factors
Yahya-Malima, Khadija I.; Evjen-Olsen, Bjørg; Matee, Mecky I.; Fylkesnes, Knut; Haarr, Lars (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2008-06-02)Background: Evidence suggests that a substantial proportion of new HIV infections in African countries are associated with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Thus, the magnitude of HSV-2 infection in an area may suggest ... -
Home-based voluntary HIV counselling and testing found highly acceptable and to reduce inequalities
Mutale, Wilbroad; Michelo, Charles Cheembo; Jürgensen, Marte; Fylkesnes, Knut (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2010-06-17)Background Low uptake of voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT) in sub-Saharan Africa is raising acceptability concerns which might be associated with ways by which it is offered. We investigated the acceptability of ... -
Impact of Pregnancy-Related Deaths on Female Life Expectancy in Zambia: Application of Life Table Techniques to Census Data
Banda, Richard; Sandøy, Ingvild Fossgard; Fylkesnes, Knut; Janssen, Fanny (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2015-10-29)Introduction: Since 2000, the world has been coalesced around efforts to reduce maternal mortality. However, few studies have estimated the significance of eliminating maternal deaths on female life expectancy. We estimated, ... -
Lifetime risk of pregnancy-related death among Zambian women: district-level estimates from the 2010 census
Banda, Richard; Sandøy, Ingvild Fossgard; Fylkesnes, Knut; Janssen, Fanny (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016-09)The aim of this study was to examine district differentials in the lifetime risk of pregnancy-related death among females aged 15–49 in Zambia. We used data on household deaths collected in the 2010 census to estimate the ... -
Lost opportunities in HIV prevention: programmes miss places where exposures are highest
Sandøy, Ingvild Fossgard; Siziya, Seter; Fylkesnes, Knut (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2008-01-24)Background: Efforts at HIV prevention that focus on high risk places might be more effective and less stigmatizing than those targeting high risk groups. The objective of the present study was to assess risk behaviour ... -
Mental distress in the general population in Zambia: Impact of HIV and social factors
Chipimo, Peter Jay; Fylkesnes, Knut (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2009-08-18)Background: Population level data on mental health from Africa are limited, but available data indicate mental problems to represent a substantial public health problem. The negative impact of HIV on mental health suggests ... -
Persisting stigma reduces the utilisation of HIV-related care and support services in Viet Nam
Thanh, Duong Cong; Moland, Karen Marie; Fylkesnes, Knut (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2012-11-25)Background: Seeking and utilisation of HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support services for people living with HIV is often hampered by HIV-related stigma. The study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences ... -
Practicing provider-initiated HIV testing in high prevalence settings: consent concerns and missed preventive opportunities
Njeru, Mercy Karimi; Blystad, Astrid; Shayo, Elizabeth H.; Nyamongo, Isaac K.; Fylkesnes, Knut (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2011-04-21)Background: Counselling is considered a prerequisite for the proper handling of testing and for ensuring effective HIV preventive efforts. HIV testing services have recently been scaled up substantially with a particular ... -
Reducing uncertainties in global HIV prevalence estimates: the case of Zambia
Dzekedzeke, Kumbutso; Fylkesnes, Knut (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2006-04-02)Background: The premise for using antenatal care (ANC) clinic data for estimating HIV prevalence in the general population is the finding from community studies in sub-Saharan Africa that total HIV prevalence in pregnant ... -
Risk factors, healthcare-seeking and sexual behaviour among patients with genital ulcers in Zambia
Makasa, Mpundu; Fylkesnes, Knut; Sandøy, Ingvild Fossgard (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2012-06-06)Background: Genital ulcers (GU) are associated with an increased risk of HIV transmission. Understanding risk factors for genital ulcers and sexual behaviour patterns after onset of symptoms and health seeking behaviour ... -
Rural-urban differentials in pregnancy-related mortality in Zambia: estimates using data collected in a census
Banda, Richard; Fylkesnes, Knut; Sandøy, Ingvild Fossgard (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2015-11-30)Background: The use of census data to measure maternal mortality is a recent phenomenon, implemented in settings with non-functional vital registration systems and driven by needs for trend data. The 2010 round of population ... -
Rural-urban inequity in unmet obstetric needs and functionality of emergency obstetric care services in a Zambian district
Nganjo Phiri, Selia; Fylkesnes, Knut; Moland, Karen Marie; Byskov, Jens; Kiserud, Torvid (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016-01-29)Background: Zambia has a high maternal mortality ratio, 398/100,000 live births. Few pregnant women access emergency obstetric care services to handle complications at childbirth. We aimed to assess the deficit in life-saving ... -
Sex differences in HIV prevalence persist over time: Evidence from 18 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa
Hegdahl, Hanne K.; Fylkesnes, Knut; Sandøy, Ingvild Fossgard (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016-02-03)Objective: The aim of this study was to examine changes over time in the female: male HIV prevalence ratio in 18 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, overall and when stratified by area of residence, educational attainment and ... -
The silent HIV epidemic among pregnant women within rural Northern Tanzania
Yahya-Malima, Khadija I.; Olsen, Bjørg E.; Matee, Mecky I.; Fylkesnes, Knut (Journal article, 2006-04-27)Background: Many national antenatal clinics (ANC) based HIV surveillance systems in sub-Saharan Africa have limited coverage of remote rural sites, a weakness that compromises adequate estimation, monitoring and development ... -
Steep HIV prevalence declines among young people in selected Zambian communities : population-based observations (1995–2003)
Michelo, Charles Cheembo; Sandøy, Ingvild Fossgard; Dzekedzeke, Kumbutso; Siziya, Seter; Fylkesnes, Knut (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2006-11-10)Background: Understanding the epidemiological HIV context is critical in building effective setting-specific preventive strategies. We examined HIV prevalence patterns in selected communities of men and women aged 15–59 ... -
Strong effects of home-based voluntary HIV counselling and testing on acceptance and equity: A cluster randomised trial in Zambia
Fylkesnes, Knut; Sandøy, Ingvild Fossgard; Jürgensen, Marte; Chipimo, Peter Jay; Mwangala, Sheila; Michelo, Charles Cheembo (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2013-06)Home-based voluntary HIV counselling and testing (HB-VCT) has been reported to have a high uptake, but it has not been rigorously evaluated. We designed a model for HB-VCT appropriate for wider scale-up, and investigated ... -
Targeting condom distribution at high risk places increases condom utilization-evidence from an intervention study in Livingstone, Zambia
Sandøy, Ingvild Fossgard; Zyaambo, Cosmas; Michelo, Charles Cheembo; Fylkesnes, Knut (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2012-01-05)Background: The PLACE-method presumes that targeting HIV preventive activities at high risk places is effective in settings with major epidemics. Livingstone, Zambia, has a major HIV epidemic despite many preventive efforts ... -
Task-Shifting and Quality of HIV Testing Services: Experiences from a National Reference Hospital in Zambia
Mwangala, Sheila Monde; Moland, Karen Marie; Nkamba, Hope C; Musonda, Kunda G; Monze, Mwaka; Musukwa, Katoba K; Fylkesnes, Knut (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2015-11-25)Background: With new testing technologies, task-shifting and rapid scale-up of HIV testing services in high HIV prevalence countries, assuring quality of HIV testing is paramount. This study aimed to explore various cadres ...