• Analysis of Blue Corona Discharges at the Top of Tropical Thunderstorm Clouds in Different Phases of Convection 

      Dimitriadou, Krystallia; Chanrion, Olivier; Neubert, Torsten; Protat, Alain; Louf, Valentin; Heumesser, Matthias; Husbjerg, Lasse; Köhn, Christoph; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reglero, Victor (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      We report on observations of corona discharges at the uppermost region of clouds characterized by emissions in a blue band of nitrogen molecules at 337 nm, with little activity in the red band of lightning leaders at 777.4 ...
    • The ASIM mission on the international space station 

      Neubert, Torsten; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reglero, Victor; Blanc, Elisabeth; Chanrion, Olivier; Oxborrow, Carol Anne; Orr, Astrid; Tacconi, Matteo; Hartnack, Ole; Bhanderi, Dan D.V. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019-03-12)
      The Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) is an instrument suite on the International Space Station (ISS) for measurements of lightning, Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) and Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs). ...
    • Blue Flashes as Counterparts to Narrow Bipolar Events: The Optical Signal of Shallow In-Cloud Discharges 

      Li, Dongshuai; Luque, Alejandro; Gordillo-Vázquez, F.J.; Liu, Feifan; Lu, Gaopeng; Neubert, Torsten; Chanrion, Olivier; Zhu, Baoyou; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reglero, Víctor (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Narrow Bipolar Events (NBEs) are powerful radio emissions from thunderstorms, which have been recently associated with blue optical flashes on cloud tops and attributed to extensive streamer electrical discharges named ...
    • Characterization of Thunderstorm Cells Producing Observable Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes 

      Husbjerg, Lasse Skaaning; Neubert, Torsten; Chanrion, Olivier; Marisaldi, Martino; Stendel, Martin; Kaas, Eigil; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reglero, Victor (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)
      The meteorological conditions required for the production of Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) are not well understood. Particularly, the link between TGF production, meteorology, and weather severity is poorly characterized ...
    • Constraining Spectral Models of a Terrestrial GammaRay Flash From a Terrestrial Electron Beam Observation by the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor 

      Sarria, David Alexandre Stephan; Østgaard, Nikolai; Kochkin, Pavlo; Lehtinen, Nikolai Grigorievich; Mezentsev, Andrey; Marisaldi, Martino; Lindanger, Anders; Maiorana, Carolina; Carlson, Brant Edward; Neubert, Torsten; Reglero, Victor; Ullaland, Kjetil; Yang, Shiming; Genov, Georgi; Qureshi, Bilal Hasan; Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl; Kuvvetli, Irfan; Christiansen, Freddy; Chanrion, Olivier; Navarro-Gonzalez, Javier; Connel, P.; Eyles, Chris (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Terrestrial Gamma ray Flashes (TGFs) are short flashes of high energy photons, produced by thunderstorms. When interacting with the atmosphere, they produce relativistic electrons and positrons, and a part gets bounded to ...
    • First 10 Months of TGF Observations by ASIM 

      Østgaard, Nikolai; Neubert, Torsten; Reglero, Victor; Ullaland, Kjetil; Yang, Shiming; Genov, Georgi; Marisaldi, Martino; Mezentsev, Andrey; Kochkin, Pavlo; Lehtinen, Nikolai; Sarria, David; Qureshi, Bilal Hasan; Solberg, Arne Olav; Maiorana, Carolina; Albrechtsen, Kjetil; Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl; Kuvvetli, Irfan; Christiansen, Freddy; Chanrion, Olivier; Heumesser, Matthias; Navarro-Gonzalez, Javier; Connell, Paul H.; Eyles, Christopher J; Christian, Hugh J.; Al-Nussirat, Samer (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)
      The Atmosphere‐Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) was launched to the International Space Station on 2 April 2018. The ASIM payload consists of two main instruments, the Modular X‐ray and Gamma‐ray Sensor (MXGS) for imaging ...
    • Global Frequency and Geographical Distribution of Nighttime Streamer Corona Discharges (BLUEs) in Thunderclouds 

      Soler, S.; Gordillo-Vázquez, F.J.; Pérez-Invernón, F. J.; Luque, Alejandro; Li, D.; Neubert, Torsten; Chanrion, Olivier; Reglero, Victor; Navarro-Gonzalez, Javier; Østgaard, Nikolai (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Blue LUminous Events (BLUEs) are transient corona discharges occurring in thunderclouds and characterized by strong 337.0 nm light flashes with absent (or weak) 777.4 nm component. We present the first nighttime climatology ...
    • Initiation of lightning flashes simultaneously observed from space and the ground: Narrow bipolar events 

      López, Jesús A.; Montanyà, Joan; van der Velde, Oscar; Romero, David; Gordillo-Vázquez, Francisco J.; Pérez-Invernón, Francisco J.; Luque, Alejandro; Morales Rodriguez, Carlos Augusto; Neubert, Torsten; Rison, William; Krehbiel, Paul; González, Javier Navarro; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reglero, Víctor (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      We investigate the initiation of four lightning flashes detected from ground by means of the Colombia Lightning Mapping Array (Colombia-LMA) and simultaneously observed from space by the optical sensors of the Atmosphere-Space ...
    • Modeling lightning observations from space-based platforms (CloudScat.jl 1.0) 

      Luque, Alejandro; Gordillo-Vázquez, Francisco José; Li, Dongshuai; Malagón-Romero, Alejandro; Pérez-Invernón, F. J.; Schmalzried, Anthony; Soler, Sergio; Chanrion, Olivier; Heumesser, Matthias; Neubert, Torsten; Reglero, Victor; Østgaard, Nikolai (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      We describe a computer code that simulates how a satellite observes optical radiation emitted by a lightning flash after it is scattered within an intervening cloud. Our code, CloudScat.jl, is flexible, fully open source ...
    • The modular X- and gamma-ray sensor (MXGS) of the ASIM Payload on the International Space Station 

      Østgaard, Nikolai; Balling, Jan E.; Bjørnsen, Thomas Riis; Brauer, Peter; Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl; Bujwan, Waldemar; Carlson, Brant Edward; Christiansen, Freddy; Connell, Paul; Eyles, Chris; Fehlker, Dominik; Genov, Georgi; Grudzinski, Pawel; Kochkin, Pavlo; Kohfeldt, Anja; Kuvvetli, Irfan; Thomsen, Per Lundahl; Pedersen, Søren Møller; Navarro-Gonzalez, Javier; Neubert, Torsten; Njøten, Kåre; Orleanski, Piotr; Qureshi, Bilal Hasan; Cenkeramaddi, Linga Reddy; Reglero, Victor; Reina, Manuel; Rodrigo, Juan Manuel; Rostad, Maja Elise; Sabau, Maria D.; Kristensen, Steen Savstrup; Skogseide, Yngve; Solberg, Arne Olav; Stadsnes, Johan; Ullaland, Kjetil; Yang, Shiming (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019-02-18)
      The Modular X- and Gamma-ray Sensor (MXGS) is an imaging and spectral X- and Gamma-ray instrument mounted on the starboard side of the Columbus module on the International Space Station. Together with the Modular Multi-Spectral ...
    • Multi-Pulse Corona Discharges in Thunderclouds Observed in Optical and Radio Bands 

      Li, Dongshuai; Luque, Alejandro; Lehtinen, Nikolai Grigorievich; Gordillo-Vázquez, F.J.; Neubert, Torsten; Lu, Gaopeng; Chanrion, Olivier; Zhang, Hongbo; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reglero, Víctor (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      How lightning initiates inside thunderclouds remains a major puzzle of atmospheric electricity. By monitoring optical emissions from thunderstorms, the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) onboard the International ...
    • Multispectral Optical Diagnostics of Lightning from Space 

      Pérez-Invernón, Francisco J.; Gordillo-Vázquez, Francisco J.; Passas-Varo, María; Neubert, Torsten; Chanrion, Olivier; Reglero, Victor; Østgaard, Nikolai (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      We present spectroscopic diagnostic methods that allow us to estimate the gas and the electron temperature in emerged lightning stroke channels (from thunderclouds) observed by the photometers and cameras of the Atmosphere ...
    • Observation of Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes at Mid Latitude 

      Maiorana, Carolina; Marisaldi, M.; Füllekrug, Martin; Soula, Serge; Lapierre, J.; Mezentsev, Andrey; Skeie, Chris Alexander Kallevik; Heumesser, M.; Chanrion, Olivier; Østgaard, N.; Neubert, Torsten; Reglero, Victor (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      We present a sample of Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) observed at mid latitudes by the Atmosphere Space Interaction Monitor (ASIM). The events were detected between June 2018 and August 2020 in the latitude bands ...
    • Observations of Blue Corona Discharges in Thunderclouds 

      Husbjerg, Lasse Skaaning; Neubert, Torsten; Chanrion, Olivier; Dimitriadou, Krystallia; Li, Dongshuai; Stendel, Martin; Kaas, Eigil; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reglero, Victor (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      Blue electric streamer discharges in the upper reaches of thunderclouds are observed as flashes of 337.0 nm (blue) with faint or no emissions of 777.4 nm (red). Analyzing 3 years of measurements by the Atmosphere-Space ...
    • Optical emissions associated with narrow bipolar events from thunderstorm clouds penetrating into the stratosphere 

      Liu, Feifan; Lu, Gaopeng; Neubert, Torsten; Lei, Jiuhou; Chanrion, Olivier; Østgaard, Nikolai; Li, Dongshuai; Luque, Alejandro; Gordillo-Vázquez, Francisco J.; Reglero, Victor; Lyu, Weitao; Zhu, Baoyou (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Narrow bipolar events (NBEs) are signatures in radio signals from thunderstorms observed by ground-based receivers. NBEs may occur at the onset of lightning, but the discharge process is not well understood. Here, we present ...
    • Production of Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes During the Early Stages of Lightning Flashes 

      Lindanger, Anders; Skeie, Chris Alexander Kallevik; Marisaldi, Martino; Bjørge-Engeland, Ingrid; Østgaard, Nikolai; Mezentsev, Andrey; Sarria, David Alexandre Stephan; Lehtinen, Nikolai Grigorievich; Reglero, Victor; Chanrion, Olivier; Neubert, Torsten (Journal article, 2022)
      Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) are short emissions of high energy photons associated with thunderstorms. It has been known since the discovery of TGFs that they are associated with lightning, and several case studies ...
    • A Simultaneous Observation of Lightning by ASIM, Colombia-Lightning Mapping Array, GLM, and ISS-LIS 

      Montanyà, Joan; López, Jesús A.; Morales Rodriguez, Carlos A.; van der Velde, Oscar A.; Fabró, Ferran; Pineda, Nicolau; Navarro-Gonzalez, Javier; Reglero, Victor; Neubert, Torsten; Chanrion, Olivier; Goodman, Steven J.; Østgaard, Nikolai; Ladino-Rincon, Alfonso; Romero, David; Solà, Glòria; Horta, Ricard; Freijó, Modesto (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      The Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) on the International Space Station (ISS) provides optical radiances and images of lightning flashes in several spectral bands. This work presents a lightning flash simultaneously ...
    • Simultaneous Observations of EIP, TGF, Elve, and Optical Lightning 

      Østgaard, Nikolai; Cummer, S.A.; Mezentsev, Andrey; Luque, Alejandro; Dwyer, J.; Neubert, Torsten; Reglero, Victor; Marisaldi, Martino; Kochkin, Pavlo; Sarria, David Alexandre Stephan; Lehtinen, Nikolai Grigorievich; Ullaland, Kjetil; Yang, Shiming; Genov, Georgi; Chanrion, Olivier; Christiansen, Freddy; Pu, Y. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      On February 8, 2019, the Atmosphere-Space Interaction Monitor observed a terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF) and an Elve from a positive intracloud (+IC) lightning during the initial breakdown stage of a lightning flash north ...
    • Spectral Analysis of Individual Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes Detected by ASIM 

      Lindanger, Anders; Marisaldi, Martino; Sarria, David Alexandre Stephan; Østgaard, Nikolai; Lehtinen, Nikolai Grigorievich; Skeie, Chris Alexander Kallevik; Mezentsev, Andrey; Kochkin, Pavlo; Ullaland, Kjetil; Yang, Shiming; Genov, Georgi; Carlson, Brant Edward; Köhn, Christoph; Navarro-Gonzalez, Javier; Connell, Paul H.; Reglero, Victor; Neubert, Torsten (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      The Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) is the first instrument in space specifically designed to observe terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs). TGFs are high energy photons associated with lightning flashes and ...
    • Spectral Observations of Optical Emissions Associated With Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes 

      Heumesser, Matthias; Chanrion, Olivier; Neubert, Torsten; Christian, Hugh J.; Dimitriadou, Krystallia; Gordillo-Vazquez, Francisco J.; Luque, Alejandro; Pérez-Invernón, F. J.; Blakeslee, Richard J.; Østgaard, Nikolai; Reglero, Victor; Köhn, Christoph (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      The Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor measures Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes (TGFs) simultaneously with optical emissions from associated lightning activity. We analyzed optical measurements at 180–230, 337, and 777.4 ...