• ESD Reviews: Climate feedbacks in the Earth system and prospects for their evaluation 

      Heinze, Christoph; Eyring, Veronika; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Jones, Colin; Balkanski, Yves; Collins, William; Fichefet, Thierry; Gao, Shuang; Hall, Alex; Ivanova, Detelina; Knorr, Wolfgang; Knutti, Reto; Löw, Alexander; Ponater, Michael; Schultz, Martin G.; Schulz, Michael; Siebesma, Pier; Teixeira, Joao; Tselioudis, George; Vancoppenolle, Martin (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)
      Earth system models (ESMs) are key tools for providing climate projections under different scenarios of human-induced forcing. ESMs include a large number of additional processes and feedbacks such as biogeochemical cycles ...
    • Ocean biogeochemistry in the Norwegian Earth System Model version 2 (NorESM2) 

      Tjiputra, Jerry; Schwinger, Jörg; Bentsen, Mats; Morée, Anne; Gao, Shuang; Bethke, Ingo; Heinze, Christoph; Goris, Nadine; Gupta, Alok Kumar; He, Yan-Chun; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Seland, Øyvind; Schulz, Michael (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      The ocean carbon cycle is a key player in the climate system through its role in regulating the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and other processes that alter the Earth's radiative balance. In the second version ...
    • Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations 

      Seland, Øyvind; Bentsen, Mats; Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo; Toniazzo, Thomas; Gjermundsen, Ada; Graff, Lise Seland; Debernard, Jens Boldingh; Gupta, Alok Kumar; He, Yan-Chun; Kirkevåg, Alf; Schwinger, Jörg; Tjiputra, Jerry; Aas, Kjetil Schanke; Bethke, Ingo; Fan, Yuanchao; Griesfeller, Jan; Grini, Alf; Guo, Chuncheng; Ilicak, Mehmet; Karset, Inger Helene H.; Landgren, Oskar Andreas; Liakka, Johan; Moseid, Kine Onsum; Nummelin, Aleksi; Spensberger, Clemens; Tang, Hui; Zhang, Zhongshi; Heinze, Christoph; Iversen, Trond; Schulz, Michael (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020-12)
      The second version of the coupled Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) is presented and evaluated. NorESM2 is based on the second version of the Community Earth System Model (CESM2) and shares with CESM2 the computer ...
    • The temporal window of ecological adaptation in postglacial lakes: a comparison of head morphology, trophic position and habitat use in Norwegian threespine stickleback populations 

      Østbye, Kjartan; Harrod, Chris; Gregersen, Finn; Klepaker, Tom; Schulz, Michael; Schluter, Dolph; Vøllestad, Leif A (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016-05-13)
      Background Studying how trophic traits and niche use are related in natural populations is important in order to understand adaptation and specialization. Here, we describe trophic trait diversity in twenty-five Norwegian ...