• Causes of the large warm bias in the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone in the Norwegian Earth System Model 

      Koseki, Shunya; Keenlyside, Noel; Demissie, Teferi Dejene; Toniazzo, Thomas; Counillon, Francois; Bethke, Ingo; Ilicak, Mehmet; Shen, Mao-Lin (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
      We have investigated the causes of the sea surface temperature (SST) bias in the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone (ABFZ) of the southeastern Atlantic Ocean simulated by the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM). Similar to ...
    • Dynamically combining climate models to "supermodel" the tropical Pacific 

      Shen, Mao-Lin; Keenlyside, Noel; Selten, Frank; Wiegerinck, Wim; Duane, Gregory (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016-01)
      We construct an interactive ensemble of two different climate models to improve simulation of key aspects of tropical Pacific climate. Our so-called supermodel is based on two atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) ...
    • Framework for an Ocean-Connected Supermodel of the Earth System 

      Counillon, Francois Stephane; Keenlyside, Noel Sebastian; Wang, Shuo; Devilliers, Marion; Gupta, Alok Kumar; Koseki, Shunya; Shen, Mao-Lin (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)
      A supermodel connects different models interactively so that their systematic errors compensate and achieve a model with superior performance. It differs from the standard non-interactive multi-model ensembles (NI), which ...
    • Impact of Snow Initialization in Subseasonal‐to‐Seasonal Winter Forecasts With the Norwegian Climate Prediction Model 

      Li, Fei; Orsolini, Yvan; Keenlyside, Noel; Shen, Mao-Lin; Counillon, Francois; Wang, Yiguo (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)
      Snow initialization has been previously investigated as a potential source of predictability atthe subseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) timescale in winter and spring, through its local radiative,thermodynamical, and hydrological ...
    • Role of atmosphere-ocean interactions in supermodeling the tropical Pacific climate 

      Shen, Mao-Lin; Keenlyside, Noel; Bhatt, Bhuwan Chandra; Duane, Gregory (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017-12-29)
      The supermodel strategy interactively combines several models to outperform the individual models comprising it. A key advantage of the approach is that nonlinear improvements can be achieved, in contrast to the linear ...
    • Supermodeling Improving Predictions with an Ensemble of Interacting Models 

      Schevenhoven, Francine Janneke; Keenlyside, Noel Sebastian; Counillon, Francois Stephane; Gupta, Alok Kumar; Koseki, Shunya; Shen, Mao-Lin (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)
      The modeling of weather and climate has been a success story. The skill of forecasts continues to improve and model biases continue to decrease. Combining the output of multiple models has further improved forecast skill ...
    • Supermodeling: Synchronization of Alternative Dynamical Models of a Single Objective Process 

      Duane, Gregory; Wiegerinck, Wim; Selten, Frank; Shen, Mao-Lin; Keenlyside, Noel (Chapter, 2018)
      Imperfect models of the same objective process give an improved representation of that process, from which they assimilate data, if they are also coupled to one another. Inter-model coupling, through nudging, or more ...