How Do Highly Educated Men with a Refugee Background Experience Integration in light of the Norwegian Introductory Program

Abstract

As forced displacement is on the rise globally, the integration of people of refugee backgrounds becomes increasingly important. This study examines the integration experiences of highly educated men with refugee backgrounds in Norway, in light of their participation in the Norwegian Introductory Program (NIP). By employing Ager and Strang’s framework for integration and Connell’s theory of marginalized masculinity, the research explores systemic and personal dimensions of integration, including employment, education, social belonging, and gendered identity. The data for the study was collected through in-depth semi structured interviews with four participants from the MENA region, who were university-educated men currently residing in Norway. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify key themes. Findings reveal systemic limitations in the NIP, particularly related to its standardized, one-size-fits- all approach, which often overlooks individual aspirations and challenges of participants. It also failed to address local, municipal constraints that affected the implementation of the NIP. Participants encountered significant barriers, such as challenges with recognition of their credentials, insufficient support for higher education, and limited attention to their psychological well-being. While some successfully transitioned into the labour market or higher education, these outcomes depended more on personal resilience and the right social networks rather than program efficacy. Social connections with the majority society emerged as an essential factor for integration, as it facilitated language learning and access to the labour market. However, participants also experienced societal expectations and stigmas linked to their status as refugee men with non-western or Muslim backgrounds, reinforcing the tension between cultural preservation and adaptation to society. The study concludes that while the NIP provides foundational support, its design and implementation must evolve to more effectively address individual and systemic. Tailored educational opportunities, enhanced psychological support, and initiatives promoting social connections in the local communities are recommended. These adjustments are vital for fostering holistic integration, enabling refugees to contribute fully to Norwegian society while preserving their cultural identities.