Clinical characteristics and factors affecting disease severity in hospitalized tick-borne encephalitis patients in Norway from 2018 to 2022
Skudal, Hilde Kristin; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Stenstad, Tore; Paulsen, Else Quist; Egeland, Jens; Fevang, Børre; Jaioun, Keson; Hansen, Bjørn Åsheim; Solheim, Anne Marit; Tveten, Yngvar; Veje, Malin; Eikeland, Randi; Kersten, Hege
Journal article, Peer reviewed
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https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3170620Utgivelsesdato
2024Metadata
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- Department of Clinical Medicine [2206]
- Registrations from Cristin [11332]
Originalversjon
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2024, 43 (7), 1355-1366. 10.1007/s10096-024-04855-2Sammendrag
Purpose To describe the clinical characteristics and factors associated with disease severity in a Norwegian cohort of hospitalized patients with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Methods This observational multicenter study included hospitalized patients with TBE in the endemic area in the southeastern region of Norway from 2018 to 2022. Clinical signs and findings from laboratory tests, EEG, CT and MRI scans were recorded. Patient characteristics were compared among those with mild, moderate, and severe TBE, and factors associated with disease severity were identified. Results Nearly all eligible patients were included in the final cohort (153/189 participants, 81%). The median age was 56 years, 63% were men, and 7% were vaccinated against TBE; no participants were fully vaccinated. TBE presented as mild (meningeal) disease in 31% of patients and as moderate or severe (encephalitic) disease in 54% and 14% of patients, respectively. We found that 46% of the patients had a monophasic course, 64% had hyponatremia, and 7% presented with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms without pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Dysesthesia, a symptom previously not described, was reported in 10% of the patients. Most objective findings were related to the CNS. Preexisting comorbidities, CRP and CSF protein levels were predictors of more severe disease. Conclusion This novel presentation of a large Norwegian cohort supports TBE as a serious disease in the southeastern region of Norway. The majority of hospitalized patients presented with encephalitis, and fewer presented with meningitis. Comorbidities, CRP and CSF protein levels were associated with more severe disease.