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dc.contributor.authorLund, Morten
dc.contributor.authorDahle, Maria Krudtaa
dc.contributor.authorTimmerhaus, Gerrit
dc.contributor.authorAlarcon, Marta
dc.contributor.authorPowell, Mark
dc.contributor.authorAspehaug, Vidar
dc.contributor.authorRimstad, Espen
dc.contributor.authorJørgensen, Sven Martin
dc.date.accessioned2017-12-18T12:16:20Z
dc.date.available2017-12-18T12:16:20Z
dc.date.issued2017-07-11
dc.PublishedLund M, Dahle MK, Timmerhaus GF, Alarcon M, Powell MD, Aspehaug V, Rimstad E, Jørgensen SM. Hypoxia tolerance and responses to hypoxic stress during heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). PLoS ONE. 2017;12(7):e0181109eng
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1956/17010
dc.description.abstractHeart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is associated with Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) infection and is an important disease in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture. Since PRV infects erythrocytes and farmed salmon frequently experience environmental hypoxia, the current study examined mutual effects of PRV infection and hypoxia on pathogenesis and fish performance. Furthermore, effects of HSMI on hypoxia tolerance, cardiorespiratory performance and blood oxygen transport were studied. A cohabitation trial including PRV-infected post-smolts exposed to periodic hypoxic stress (4 h of 40% O2; PRV-H) at 4, 7 and 10 weeks post-infection (WPI) and infected fish reared under normoxic conditions (PRV) was conducted. Periodic hypoxic stress did not influence infection levels or histopathological changes in the heart. Individual incipient lethal oxygen saturation (ILOS) was examined using a standardized hypoxia challenge test (HCT). At 7 WPI, i.e. peak level of infection, both PRV and PRV-H groups exhibited reduced hypoxia tolerance compared to non-infected fish. Three weeks later (10 WPI), during peak levels of pathological changes, reduced hypoxia tolerance was still observed for the PRV group while PRV-H performed equal to non-infected fish, implying a positive effect of the repeated exposure to hypoxic stress. This was in line with maximum heart rate (fHmax) measurements, showing equal performance of PRV-H and non-infected groups, but lower fHmax above 19°C as well as lower temperature optimum (Topt) for aerobic scope for PRV, suggesting reduced cardiac performance and thermal tolerance. In contrast, the PRV-H group had reduced hemoglobin-oxygen affinity compared to non-infected fish. In conclusion, Atlantic salmon suffering from HSMI have reduced hypoxia tolerance and cardiac performance, which can be improved by preconditioning fish to transient hypoxic stress episodes.en_US
dc.language.isoengeng
dc.publisherPLoSen_US
dc.rightsAttribution CC BYeng
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0eng
dc.titleHypoxia tolerance and responses to hypoxic stress during heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)en_US
dc.typePeer reviewed
dc.typeJournal article
dc.date.updated2017-11-08T13:34:33Z
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2017 The Author(s)en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181109
dc.identifier.cristin1511230
dc.source.journalPLoS ONE


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