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dc.contributor.authorBanerjee, Niladrien_US
dc.contributor.authorPolushina, Tatianaen_US
dc.contributor.authorBettella, Francescoen_US
dc.contributor.authorSteen, Vidar Martinen_US
dc.contributor.authorAndreassen, Ole Andreasen_US
dc.contributor.authorLe Hellard, Stephanieen_US
dc.date.accessioned2019-05-20T14:37:26Z
dc.date.available2019-05-20T14:37:26Z
dc.date.issued2018-12-11
dc.PublishedBanerjee N, Polushina T, Bettella F, Steen VM, Andreassen OA, Le Hellard S. Analysis of differentially methylated regions in great apes and extinct hominids provides support for the evolutionary hypothesis of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 2019;206:209-216eng
dc.identifier.issn0920-9964
dc.identifier.issn1573-2509
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1956/19675
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: The persistence of schizophrenia in human populations separated by geography and time led to the evolutionary hypothesis that proposes schizophrenia as a by-product of the higher cognitive abilities of modern humans. To explore this hypothesis, we used here an evolutionary epigenetics approach building on differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the genome. Methods: We implemented a polygenic enrichment testing pipeline using the summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of schizophrenia and 12 other phenotypes. We investigated the enrichment of association of these traits across genomic regions with variable methylation between modern humans and great apes (orangutans, chimpanzees and gorillas; great ape DMRs) and between modern humans and recently extinct hominids (Neanderthals and Denisovans; hominid DMRs). Results: Regions that are hypo-methylated in humans compared to great apes show enrichment of association with schizophrenia only if the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region is included. With the MHC region removed from the analysis, only a modest enrichment for SNPs of low effect persists. The INRICH pipeline confirms this finding after rigorous permutation and bootstrapping procedures. Conclusion: The analyses of regions with differential methylation changes in humans and great apes do not provide compelling evidence of enrichment of association with schizophrenia, in contrast to our previous findings on more recent methylation differences between modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans. Our results further support the evolutionary hypothesis of schizophrenia and indicate that the origin of some of the genetic susceptibility factors of schizophrenia may lie in recent human evolution.en_US
dc.language.isoengeng
dc.publisherElseviereng
dc.rightsAttribution CC BY-NC-NDeng
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/eng
dc.subjectSchizophreniaeng
dc.subjectEvolutionary hypothesiseng
dc.subjectEpigeneticseng
dc.subjectDifferentially methylated regionseng
dc.subjectPrimateseng
dc.subjectNeanderthalseng
dc.titleAnalysis of differentially methylated regions in great apes and extinct hominids provides support for the evolutionary hypothesis of schizophreniaen_US
dc.typePeer reviewed
dc.typeJournal article
dc.date.updated2019-02-08T13:32:25Z
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2018 The Authors
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2018.11.025
dc.identifier.cristin1651649
dc.source.journalSchizophrenia Research


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