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dc.contributor.authorSkaala, Øystein
dc.contributor.authorBesnier, Francois
dc.contributor.authorBorgstrøm, Reidar
dc.contributor.authorBarlaup, Bjørn Torgeir
dc.contributor.authorSørvik, Anne Grete Eide
dc.contributor.authorNormann, Eirik
dc.contributor.authorØstebø, Britt Iren
dc.contributor.authorHansen, Michael Møller
dc.contributor.authorGlover, Kevin
dc.date.accessioned2019-08-22T14:19:44Z
dc.date.available2019-08-22T14:19:44Z
dc.date.issued2019-02-19
dc.PublishedSkaala Ø, Besnier F, Borgstrøm R, Barlaup BT, Sørvik AGE, Normann E, Østebø, Hansen MM, Glover KA. An extensive common‐garden study with domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon in the wild reveals impact on smolt production and shifts in fitness traits. Evolutionary Applications. 2019;12(5):1001-1016eng
dc.identifier.issn1752-4571en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1956/20711
dc.description.abstractInteractions between domesticated escapees and wild conspecifics represent a threat to the genetic integrity and fitness of native populations. For Atlantic salmon, the recurrent presence of large numbers of domesticated escapees in the wild makes it necessary to better understand their impacts on native populations. We planted 254,400 eggs from 75 families of domesticated, F1‐hybrid, and wild salmon in a river containing up‐ and downstream traps. Additionally, 41,630 hatchery smolts of the same pedigrees were released into the river. Over 8 years, 6,669 out‐migrating smolts and 356 returning adults were recaptured and identified to their families of origin with DNA. In comparison with wild salmon, domesticated fish had substantially lower egg to smolt survival (1.8% vs. 3.8% across cohorts), they migrated earlier in the year (11.8 days earlier across years), but they only displayed marginally larger smolt sizes and marginally lower smolt ages. Upon return to freshwater, domesticated salmon were substantially larger at age than wild salmon (2.4 vs. 2.0, 4.8 vs. 3.2, and 8.5 vs. 5.6 kg across sexes for 1, 2, and 3 sea‐winter fish) and displayed substantially lower released smolt to adult survival (0.41% vs. 0.94% across releases). Overall, egg‐to‐returning adult survival ratios were 1:0.76:0.30 and 1:0.44:0.21 for wild:F1‐hybrid:domesticated salmon, respectively, using two different types of data. This study represents the most updated and extensive analysis of domesticated, hybrid, and wild salmon in the wild and provides the first documentation of a clear genetic difference in the timing of smolt migration—an adaptive trait presumed to be linked with optimal timing of entry to seawater. We conclude that spawning and hybridization of domesticated escapees can lead to (i) reduced wild smolt output and therefore wild adult abundance, through resource competition in freshwater, (ii) reduced total adult abundance due to freshwater competition and reduced marine survival of domesticated salmon, and (iii) maladaptive changes in phenotypic traits.en_US
dc.language.isoengeng
dc.publisherJohn Wiley & Sons Ltd.en_US
dc.rightsAttribution CC BYeng
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/eng
dc.subjectAquacultureeng
dc.subjectcompetitioneng
dc.subjectFitnesseng
dc.subjectgeneticeng
dc.subjectHybridizationeng
dc.subjectIntrogressioneng
dc.subjectSalmoneng
dc.titleAn extensive common‐garden study with domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon in the wild reveals impact on smolt production and shifts in fitness traitsen_US
dc.typePeer reviewed
dc.typeJournal article
dc.date.updated2019-05-29T12:11:43Z
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright The Author(s) 2019en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12777
dc.identifier.cristin1691306
dc.source.journalEvolutionary Applications


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