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dc.contributor.authorOlsvik, Pål Asgeir
dc.contributor.authorLarsen, Anett Kristin
dc.contributor.authorBerntssen, Marc
dc.contributor.authorGoksøyr, Anders
dc.contributor.authorKarlsen, Odd Andre
dc.contributor.authorYadetie, Fekadu
dc.contributor.authorSanden, Monica
dc.contributor.authorKristensen, Torstein
dc.date.accessioned2019-12-11T12:11:27Z
dc.date.available2019-12-11T12:11:27Z
dc.date.issued2019-09-26
dc.PublishedOlsvik, Larsen, Berntssen, Goksøyr, Karlsen, Yadetie, Sanden, Kristensen. Effects of Agricultural Pesticides in Aquafeeds on Wild Fish Feeding on Leftover Pellets Near Fish Farms. Frontiers in Genetics. 2019;10:794eng
dc.identifier.issn1664-8021en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1956/21084
dc.description.abstractScreening has revealed that modern-day feeds used in Atlantic salmon aquaculture might contain trace amounts of agricultural pesticides. To reach slaughter size, salmon are produced in open net pens in the sea. Uneaten feed pellets and undigested feces deposited beneath the net pens represent a source of contamination for marine organisms. To examine the impacts of long-term and continuous dietary exposure to an organophosphorus pesticide found in Atlantic salmon feed, we fed juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), an abundant species around North Atlantic fish farms, three concentrations (0.5, 4.2, and 23.2 mg/kg) of chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPM) for 30 days. Endpoints included liver and bile bioaccumulation, liver transcriptomics and metabolomics, as well as plasma cholinesterase activity, cortisol, liver 7-ethoxyresor-ufin-O-deethylase activity, and hypoxia tolerance. The results show that Atlantic cod can accumulate relatively high levels of CPM in liver after continuous exposure, which is then metabolized and excreted via the bile. All three exposure concentrations lead to significant inhibition of plasma cholinesterase activity, the primary target of CPM. Transcriptomics profiling pointed to effects on cholesterol and steroid biosynthesis. Metabolite profiling revealed that CPM induced responses reflecting detoxification by glutathione-S-transferase, inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase, potential inhibition of carboxylesterase, and increased demand for ATP, followed by secondary inflammatory responses. A gradual hypoxia challenge test showed that all groups of exposed fish were less tolerant to low oxygen saturation than the controls. In conclusion, this study suggests that wild fish continuously feeding on leftover pellets near fish farms over time may be vulnerable to organophosphorus pesticides.en_US
dc.language.isoengeng
dc.publisherFrontiersen_US
dc.rightsAttribution CC BYeng
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0eng
dc.subjectAquacultureeng
dc.subjectfish feedeng
dc.subjectinsecticideseng
dc.subjectchlorpyrifos-methyleng
dc.subjectwild fish exposureeng
dc.subjectmetabolomicseng
dc.subjecttranscriptomicseng
dc.titleEffects of Agricultural Pesticides in Aquafeeds on Wild Fish Feeding on Leftover Pellets Near Fish Farmsen_US
dc.typePeer reviewed
dc.typeJournal article
dc.date.updated2019-09-30T13:27:23Z
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2019 The Author(s)en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00794
dc.identifier.cristin1731709
dc.source.journalFrontiers in Genetics
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Landbruks- og fiskerifag: 900::Fiskerifag: 920::Akvakultur: 922
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Agriculture and fisheries science: 900::Fisheries science: 920::Aquaculture: 922
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økotoksikologi : 489
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Eco-toxicology: 489


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