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dc.contributor.authorLende, Tone Hoelen_US
dc.contributor.authorAustdal, Marieen_US
dc.contributor.authorVarhaugvik, Anne Elinen_US
dc.contributor.authorSkaland, Ivaren_US
dc.contributor.authorGudlaugsson, Einaren_US
dc.contributor.authorKvaløy, Jan Terjeen_US
dc.contributor.authorAkslen, Lars A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSøiland, Håvarden_US
dc.contributor.authorJanssen, Emielen_US
dc.contributor.authorBaak, Jan P.A.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-12T10:13:58Z
dc.date.available2020-03-12T10:13:58Z
dc.date.issued2019-11-08
dc.PublishedLende TH, Austdal M, Varhaugvik AE, Skaland I, Gudlaugsson E, Kvaløy JT, Akslen LA, Søiland H, Janssen EAM, Baak JPA. Influence of pre-operative oral carbohydrate loading vs. standard fasting on tumor proliferation and clinical outcome in breast cancer patients - a randomized trial. BMC Cancer. 2019;19:1076eng
dc.identifier.issn1471-2407
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1956/21472
dc.description.abstractBackground: Conflicting results have been reported on the influence of carbohydrates in breast cancer. Objective: To determine the influence of pre-operative per-oral carbohydrate load on proliferation in breast tumors. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: University hospital with primary and secondary care functions in South-West Norway. Patients: Sixty-one patients with operable breast cancer from a population-based cohort. Intervention: Per-oral carbohydrate load (preOp™) 18 and 2–4 h before surgery (n = 26) or standard pre-operative fasting with free consumption of tap water (n = 35). Measurements: The primary outcome was post-operative tumor proliferation measured by the mitotic activity index (MAI). The secondary outcomes were changes in the levels of serum insulin, insulin-c-peptide, glucose, IGF-1, and IGFBP3; patients’ well-being, and clinical outcome over a median follow-up of 88 months (range 33–97 months). Results: In the estrogen receptor (ER) positive subgroup (n = 50), high proliferation (MAI ≥ 10) occurred more often in the carbohydrate group (CH) than in the fasting group (p = 0.038). The CH group was more frequently progesterone receptor (PR) negative (p = 0.014). The CH group had a significant increase in insulin (+ 24.31 mIE/L, 95% CI 15.34 mIE/L to 33.27 mIE/L) and insulin c-peptide (+ 1.39 nM, 95% CI 1.03 nM to 1.77 nM), but reduced IGFBP3 levels (− 0.26 nM; 95% CI − 0.46 nM to − 0.051 nM) compared to the fasting group. CH-intervention ER-positive patients had poorer relapse-free survival (73%) than the fasting group (100%; p = 0.012; HR = 9.3, 95% CI, 1.1 to 77.7). In the ER-positive patients, only tumor size (p = 0.021; HR = 6.07, 95% CI 1.31 to 28.03) and the CH/fasting subgrouping (p = 0.040; HR = 9.30, 95% CI 1.11 to 77.82) had independent prognostic value. The adverse clinical outcome of carbohydrate loading occurred only in T2 patients with relapse-free survival of 100% in the fasting group vs. 33% in the CH group (p = 0.015; HR = inf). The CH group reported less pain on days 5 and 6 than the control group (p <  0.001) but otherwise exhibited no factors related to well-being. Limitation: Only applicable to T2 tumors in patients with ER-positive breast cancer. Conclusions: Pre-operative carbohydrate load increases proliferation and PR-negativity in ER-positive patients and worsens clinical outcome in ER-positive T2 patients.en_US
dc.language.isoengeng
dc.publisherBMCeng
dc.rightsAttribution CC BYeng
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0eng
dc.subjectBreast cancereng
dc.subjectCarbohydrate loadeng
dc.subjectProliferationeng
dc.subjectInsulineng
dc.subjectInsulin c-peptideeng
dc.subjectIGF-1eng
dc.subjectIGFBP3eng
dc.subjectTumor sizeeng
dc.subjectRelapse-free survivaleng
dc.subjectBreast cancer-specific survivaleng
dc.titleInfluence of pre-operative oral carbohydrate loading vs. standard fasting on tumor proliferation and clinical outcome in breast cancer patients - a randomized trialen_US
dc.typePeer reviewed
dc.typeJournal article
dc.date.updated2020-02-10T18:32:35Z
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2019 The Authors
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-019-6275-z
dc.identifier.cristin1760810
dc.source.journalBMC Cancer


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