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The rhodopsin-retinochrome system for retinal re-isomerization predates the origin of cephalopod eyes
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-29)Background: The process of photoreception in most animals depends on the light induced isomerization of the chromophore retinal, bound to rhodopsin. To re-use retinal, the all-trans-retinal form needs to be re-isomerized ... -
Ring Finger 149-Related Is an FGF/MAPK-Independent Regulator of Pharyngeal Muscle Fate Specification
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023-05-16)During embryonic development, cell-fate specification gives rise to dedicated lineages that underlie tissue formation. In olfactores, which comprise tunicates and vertebrates, the cardiopharyngeal field is formed by ... -
A safer, urea-based in situ hybridization method improves detection of gene expression in diverse animal species
(Journal article, 2017)In situ hybridization is a widely employed technique allowing spatial visualization of gene expression in fixed specimens. It has proven to be essential to our understanding of biological processes, including developmental ... -
Some like it hot: population-specific adaptations in venom production to abiotic stressors in a widely distributed cnidarian
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020-09)Background: In cnidarians, antagonistic interactions with predators and prey are mediated by their venom, whose synthesis may be metabolically expensive. The potentially high cost of venom production has been hypothesized ... -
The study of Priapulus caudatus reveals conserved molecular patterning underlying different gut morphogenesis in the Ecdysozoa
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015-04-21)Background The digestive systems of animals can become highly specialized in response to their exploration and occupation of new ecological niches. Although studies on different animals have revealed commonalities in gut ... -
Supracellular organization confers directionality and mechanical potency to migrating pairs of cardiopharyngeal progenitor cells
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)Physiological and pathological morphogenetic events involve a wide array of collective movements, suggesting that multicellular arrangements confer biochemical and biomechanical properties contributing to tissue-scale ... -
Syncytial nerve net in a ctenophore adds insights on the evolution of nervous systems
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)A fundamental breakthrough in neurobiology has been the formulation of the neuron doctrine by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, which stated that the nervous system is composed of discrete cells. Electron microscopy later confirmed ... -
Synorth: exploring the evolution of synteny and long-range regulatory interactions in vertebrate genomes
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2009-08-21)Genomic regulatory blocks are chromosomal regions spanned by long clusters of highly conserved noncoding elements devoted to long-range regulation of developmental genes, often immobilizing other, unrelated genes into ... -
Toxin-like neuropeptides in the sea anemone Nematostella unravel recruitment from the nervous system to venom
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)The sea anemone Nematostella vectensis (Anthozoa, Cnidaria) is a powerful model for characterizing the evolution of genes functioning in venom and nervous systems. Although venom has evolved independently numerous times ... -
Trans-splicing of mRNAs links gene transcription to translational control regulated by mTOR
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)Background: In phylogenetically diverse organisms, the 5′ ends of a subset of mRNAs are trans-spliced with a spliced leader (SL) RNA. The functions of SL trans-splicing, however, remain largely enigmatic. Results: We ... -
Transcription start site mapping using super-low input carrier-CAGE
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-26)Cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) is a method used for single-nucleotide resolution detection of RNA polymerase II transcription start sites (TSSs). Accurate detection of TSSs enhances identification and discovery of ... -
Transcriptional adaptation in caenorhabditis elegans
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020-01)Transcriptional adaptation is a recently described phenomenon by which a mutation in one gene leads to the transcriptional modulation of related genes, termed adapting genes. At the molecular level, it has been proposed ... -
Transdifferentiation is a driving force of regeneration in Halisarca dujardini (Demospongiae, Porifera)
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015-08-25)The ability to regenerate is widespread in the animal kingdom, but the regenerative capacities and mechanisms vary widely. To understand the evolutionary history of the diverse regeneration mechanisms, the regeneration ... -
Translog, a web browser for studying the expression divergence of homologous genes
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2010-01-18)Background: Increasing amount of data from comparative genomics, and newly developed technologies producing accurate gene expression data facilitate the study of the expression divergence of homologous genes. Previous ... -
Transposon mediated transgenesis in a marine invertebrate chordate: Ciona intestinalis
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2007-10-31)Achievement of transposon mediated germline transgenesis in a basal chordate, Ciona intestinalis, is discussed. A Tc1/mariner superfamily transposon, Minos, has excision and transposition activities in Ciona. Minos enables ... -
Twenty million years of evolution: The embryogenesis of four Caenorhabditis species are indistinguishable despite extensive genome divergence
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019-03-15)The four Caenorhabditis species C. elegans, C. briggsae, C. remanei and C. brenneri show more divergence at the genomic level than humans compared to mice (Stein et al., 2003; Cutter et al., 2006, 2008). However, the ... -
Ultrastructural correlates of enhanced norepinephrine and neuropeptide y cotransmission in the spontaneously hypertensive rat brain
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015-10-29)The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) replicates many clinically relevant features of human essential hypertension and also exhibits behavioral symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and dementia. The SHR ... -
Understanding the genetics of neuropsychiatric disorders: the potential role of genomic regulatory blocks
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)Recent genome-wide association studies have identified numerous loci associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. The majority of these are in non-coding regions, and are commonly assigned to the nearest gene along the ... -
A unified phylogeny-based nomenclature for histone variants
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2012-06-21)Histone variants are non-allelic protein isoforms that play key roles in diversifying chromatin structure. The known number of such variants has greatly increased in recent years, but the lack of naming conventions for ... -
The visual pigment xenopsin is widespread in protostome eyes and impacts the view on eye evolution
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)Photoreceptor cells in the eyes of Bilateria are often classified into microvillar cells with rhabdomeric opsin and ciliary cells with ciliary opsin, each type having specialized molecular components and physiology. First ...