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dc.contributor.authorBjarnar, Siri Jørgenseneng
dc.date.accessioned2010-09-06T10:07:24Z
dc.date.available2010-09-06T10:07:24Z
dc.date.issued2010-05-17eng
dc.date.submitted2010-05-17eng
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1956/4083
dc.description.abstractVåren 1994 ble anslagsvis 800 000 mennesker drept i et lite sentralafrikansk land, ukjent for mange nordmenn. Folkemordet i Rwanda nådde den norske befolkningen gjennom ulike medier - også aviser. Avisenes fremstillinger bidro til å forme de norske lesernes forståelse av folkemordet, og la dermed føringer på hvordan det ble fortolket. Prosjektet har analysert fremstillinger av folkemordet i Rwanda i norske aviser med hensyn til hvilke forståelsesrammer og diskursive rammer journalistene arbeidet innenfor, og på hvilken måte fremstillingene representerte brudd med eller reproduksjon av historiske forestillinger om Afrika. Problemstillingen er forsøkt besvart gjennom å analysere fire avisers fremstillinger gjennom tre ulike prismer - folkemordet som fenomen, den umiddelbare flyktningsituasjonen og ytre aktørers rolle. Fremstillingene var preget av parallelle bilder og diskurser, brudd og kontinuitet. Ulike aktører bidro med ulike bilder. Jeg har likevel argumentert for at en kolonial begrepsbruk preget pressens fremstillinger, og at den koloniale diskursen var dominerende. To grunner gir belegg for denne påstanden. For det første var fremstillingene sterkt preget av en begrepskombinasjon som vanskelig lar seg skille fra en kolonialt forankret språkbruk eller forklares utenfor en kolonial diskurs. For det andre viste den koloniale diskursen bredde og kontinuitet. Den var tydelig innenfor de tre ulike perspektivene, og til tross for at den ble utfordret av andre diskurser, forble den fremtredende.en_US
dc.description.abstractDuring the Rwandan genocide approximately 800 000 Tutsi and politically moderate Hutu were killed within one hundred days. International news media reported the genocide as spontaneous tribal warfare, a misleading description of the planned and systematically carried out genocide. This thesis examines how the Rwandan genocide was presented in four Norwegian newspapers, illustrating the discourses in which the journalists were embedded. To which extent did the accounts reproduce historical delusions of Africa? Through a thorough, synchronous analysis of the newspaper articles presented in 1994, I claim that the Norwegian press reporting was characterised by a prominent colonial system of concepts. I argue that the colonial discourse was hegemonic, due to its breadth and endurance. By analysing the accounts through three different perspectives, I have uncovered a broad combination of terms related to colonial thought. Firstly, the journalists described the genocide as tribal warfare, spontaneous ethnic clash, anarchy and chaos. The terms used gave an impression of the Rwandan culture as primitive, and of the genocide as a two-sided war. Moreover, reporting from the refugee camps, the journalists depicted the Rwandan refugees as passive and helpless victims, without any power to influence the events unfolding. The construction of the Rwandans as victims was visible also in accounts discussing foreign or Western influence and interference. The terms africanism and fatalism have been used to systematise the descriptions presented in the articles. The analysis has also uncovered counter- discourses, which challenged the interpretations of the genocide as a primitive and irrational tribal warfare or internal, ethnic strife. Accounts of planned and systematically carried out massacres represented such a counter-discourse, as did the images of active, creative refugees, and the description of the role of external actors in the genocide. In spite of these accounts, however, the colonial discourse showed persistence and remained dominant throughout the year. The thesis has given insight in the Norwegian press reporting on the Rwandan genocide and shown how a colonial system of concepts dominated the presentations given. Furthermore, it has illustrated how terms and expressions tend to be reproduced across historical contexts, thereby underlining the importance of studying newspaper articles and the discourses in which they were produced.en_US
dc.format.extent2063239 byteseng
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfeng
dc.language.isonobeng
dc.publisherThe University of Bergeneng
dc.subjectFolkemordnob
dc.subjectRwandanob
dc.subjectDiskursnob
dc.subjectAvisernob
dc.subjectPressenob
dc.subjectAfrikanismenob
dc.subjectFatalismenob
dc.subjectBegrepsanalysenob
dc.titleOrdenes makt. Fatalisme og afrikanisme i norske avisers fremstillinger av folkemordet i Rwandanob
dc.typeMaster thesis
dc.rights.holderCopyright the author. All rights reserved
dc.rights.holderThe authoreng
dc.description.degreeMaster i Historie
dc.description.localcodeMAHF-HIS
dc.description.localcodeHIS350
dc.subject.nus713107eng
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Humaniora: 000::Historie: 070::Samtidshistorie (etter 1945): 084
fs.subjectcodeHIS350


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