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dc.contributor.authorØvergård, Aina-Cathrineen_US
dc.contributor.authorNepstad, Inaen_US
dc.contributor.authorNerland, Audun Helgeen_US
dc.contributor.authorPatel, Sonalen_US
dc.date.accessioned2012-02-08T10:31:07Z
dc.date.available2012-02-08T10:31:07Z
dc.date.issued2011-06-05eng
dc.PublishedMolecular Biology Reports 39(3): 2201-2213en
dc.identifier.issn0301-4851
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1956/5601
dc.description.abstractGenes encoding the five Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) cytokines; interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-11b, IL-12bc, and interferon (IFN) c, were cloned and characterised at a molecular level. The genomic organisation of the halibut cytokine genes was similar to that seen in mammals and/or other fish species. Several mRNA instability motifs were found within the 30-untranslated region (UTR) of all cytokine cDNA sequences. The putative cytokine protein sequences showed a low sequence identity with the corresponding homologues in mammals, avian and other fish species. Nevertheless, important structural features were presumably conserved such as the presence, or absence in the case of IL-1b, of a signal peptide, secondary structure and family signature motifs. The relative expression pattern of the cytokine genes was analyzed in several halibut organs, revealing a constitutive expression in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. Interestingly, the gills showed a relatively high expression of IL-1b, IL-12bc and IFNc. The real time RT-PCR data also showed that the mRNA level of IL-1b, IL-6, IL-12bc and IFNc was high in the thymus, while IL-11b was relatively highly expressed in the posterior kidney and posterior gut. Moreover, the halibut brain showed a relatively high level of IL-6 transcripts. Anterior kidney leucocytes in vitro stimulated with imiquimod showed a significant increase in mRNA level of the five halibut cytokine genes. The sequence and characterisation data presented here will be useful for further investigation of both innate and adaptive immune responses in halibut, and be helpful in the design of vaccines for the control of various infectious diseases.en_US
dc.language.isoengeng
dc.publisherSpringereng
dc.rightsCC BY-NC
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subjectInterleukineng
dc.subjectInterferoneng
dc.subjectImiquimodeng
dc.subjectTeleosteng
dc.titleCharacterisation and expression analysis of the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-11, IL-12β and IFNγen_US
dc.typePeer reviewed
dc.typeJournal article
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright The Author(s) 2011
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-011-0969-x
dc.identifier.cristin903145
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497eng


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