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dc.contributor.authorBhagwat, Shonileng
dc.contributor.authorBreman, Elinoreng
dc.contributor.authorThekaekara, Tarsheng
dc.contributor.authorThornton, Thomas F.eng
dc.contributor.authorWillis, Katherine Janeeng
dc.date.accessioned2013-03-25T13:56:29Z
dc.date.available2013-03-25T13:56:29Z
dc.date.issued2012-03-05eng
dc.PublishedPLoS ONE 7(3): e32407eng
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1956/6461
dc.description.abstractRecent discussion on invasive species has invigorated the debate on strategies to manage these species. Lantana camara L., a shrub native to the American tropics, has become one of the worst weeds in recorded history. In Australia, India and South Africa, Lantana has become very widespread occupying millions of hectares of land. Here, we examine historical records to reconstruct invasion and management of Lantana over two centuries and ask: Can we fight the spread of invasive species or do we need to develop strategies for their adaptive management? We carried out extensive research of historical records constituting over 75% of records on invasion and management of this species in the three countries. The records indicate that governments in Australia, India and South Africa have taken aggressive measures to eradicate Lantana over the last two centuries, but these efforts have been largely unsuccessful. We found that despite control measures, the invasion trajectory of Lantana has continued upwards and that post-war land-use change might have been a possible trigger for this spread. A large majority of studies on invasive species address timescales of less than one year; and even fewer address timescales of >10 years. An understanding of species invasions over long time-scales is of paramount importance. While archival records may give only a partial picture of the spread and management of invasive species, in the absence of any other long-term dataset on the ecology of Lantana, our study provides an important insight into its invasion, spread and management over two centuries and across three continents. While the established paradigm is to expend available resources on attempting to eradicate invasive species, our findings suggest that in the future, conservationists will need to develop strategies for their adaptive management rather than fighting a losing battle.en_US
dc.language.isoengeng
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_US
dc.rightsAttribution CC BYeng
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/eng
dc.titleA Battle Lost? Report on Two Centuries of Invasion and Management of Lantana camara L. in Australia, India and South Africaen_US
dc.typePeer reviewed
dc.typeJournal article
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2012 Bhagwat et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032407
dc.identifier.cristin924343


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