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dc.contributor.authorChristophersen, Gydaeng
dc.date.accessioned2005-09-22T07:32:12Z
dc.date.available2005-09-22T07:32:12Z
dc.date.issued2005-09-22T07:32:12Zeng
dc.identifier.isbn82-308-00065en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1956/802
dc.description.abstractThe great scallop, Pecten maximus, is a valuable bivalve species attractive for human consumption. Scallop aquaculture is increasing, but availability of spat is a bottleneck to the development of a viable culture industry in many countries. The collection of P. maximus spat from the wild has been insufficient, and intensive hatchery production is considered an optional strategy for a predictable spat supply to growers in Norway. Large variations in growth and survival during the post-larval stages are experienced, and temperature, salinity and food availability have been identified as critical environmental factors during the nursery growth stage. A nursery bridges the gap between intensive culture in the hatchery and growout in the sea, and covers the rearing from metamorphosis (ca. 0.25 mm) until the commercial spat size of 15-20 mm. Transfer between production stages and grow-out sites is required in scallop culture. The present study filled an information gap related to effects of environmental factors on small scallops (ca. 2 mm) in the transition phase between hatchery and nursery. Different transfer strategies were investigated to test the capability of scallop spat to tolerate transfer and adapt to new environmental conditions. Experimental studies with hatchery reared P. maximus showed that viability through the various spat stages could be improved by employing adequate culture and transfer strategies. Transfer of spat of different settlement age to nursery was approved to further increase the spat yield. Site selection and timing of transfer are of major importance, and the observed suboptimal and lethal environments should be avoided. Higher rearing temperature (18 vs. 15 °C) resulted in increased growth and survival, while salinity of 20 and 25 affected growth, survival and byssal attachment negatively. Exposure to low temperatures was a main factor affecting the performance of small spat. Acclimation of 1-2 mm spat to a lower temperature than in the hatchery improved post-transfer survival to seawater of <7 °C. So did transfer of larger (4 mm) spat. Alternatively, spat could be transferred to a land-based nursery using solar heated and fertilised “poll” water as food source to give an earlier start of the production season in the spring. The growth was similar to in sea-based nursery. Dry transportation of small spat was shown feasible up to 12-24 hours. The change to "poll" food conditions resulted in a significant decrease of lipids, but except for sterol content, the nutritional status at transfer was not associated with growth and survival in the land-based nursery. Increased water recirculation rates in the hatchery rearing tanks hardly affected the spat performance and the chemical composition, thus supporting more efficient utilisation of algae.en_US
dc.format.extent3836789 byteseng
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dc.language.isoengeng
dc.publisherThe University of Bergenen_US
dc.relation.haspartPaper I: Restricted access due to publisher policy. Effects of air emersion on survival and growth of hatchery rearedgreat scallop spat. Gyda Christophersen. Aquaculture International 8(2-3): 159-168. The original work is available for a fee at : <a href”http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009294413599”target=_”blank”> http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009294413599</a>en_US
dc.relation.haspartPaper II: Effects of deployment time and acclimation on survival and growth of hatchery-reared scallop (Pecten maximus) spat transferred to the sea. Christophersen, Gyda & Magnesen, Thorolf .Journal of Shellfish Research 20(3):1043-1050.en_US
dc.relation.haspartPaper III: Effect of reduced salinity on the great scallop (Pecten maximus) spat at two rearing temperatures. Gyda Christophersen and Øivind Strand. Aquaculture 215 (2003) 79–92. Publisher version is available for a fee at: <a href” http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00094-7”target=_”blank”> http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00094-7</aen_US
dc.relation.haspartPaper IV: Nursery growth, survival and chemical composition of great scallop Pecten maximus (L.) spat from different larval settlement groups. Gyda Christophersen & Øyvind Lie. Aquaculture Research, 2003, 34, 641-651. Publisher version is available for a fee at: <a href”http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2003.00873.x”target=_”blank”> http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2003.00873.x</a>en_US
dc.relation.haspartPaper V: Effect of increased water recirculation rate on algal supply and post-larval performance of scallop (Pecten maximus) reared in a partial open and continuous feeding system. Gyda Christophersen, Lise Torkildsen and Terje van der Meeren. Manuscript accepted for Aquacultural engineering. Published version is available for a fee at: <a href”http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2006.03.005”target=_”blank”>http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2006.03.005</a>en_US
dc.titleEffects of environmental conditions on culturing scallop spat (Pecten maximus)en_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesis
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480nob


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