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dc.contributor.authorHaugen, Trineeng
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Fernanda F. L.eng
dc.contributor.authorAndersson, Evaeng
dc.contributor.authorBogerd, Janeng
dc.contributor.authorMale, Runeeng
dc.contributor.authorSkaar, Katrine Sandneseng
dc.contributor.authorSchulz, Rüdiger W.eng
dc.contributor.authorSørhus, Elineng
dc.contributor.authorWijgerde, Timeng
dc.contributor.authorTaranger, Geir Lasseeng
dc.date.accessioned2014-11-06T12:41:59Z
dc.date.available2014-11-06T12:41:59Z
dc.date.issued2012-06-18eng
dc.identifier.issn1477-7827en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1956/8715
dc.description.abstractBackground: In differentiated gonochoristic species, a bipotential gonad develops into an ovary or testis during sex differentiation. Knowledge about this process is necessary to improve methods for masculinizing genetically female Atlantic cod for the subsequent purpose of producing all-female populations. Methods: Gonads were examined histologically in juveniles from 14 to 39 mm total body length (TL). Number and size of germ cells were determined in a subset of the samples. Relevant genes were cloned, and mRNA levels determined by qPCR of amh, cyp19a1a; dax1 (nr0b2); shp (nr0b2a) and sox9b in a mixed-sex and an all-female population ranging from 12–49 mm TL. Results: Individuals between 14–20 mm TL could be separated in two subgroups based on gonad size and germ cell number. Ovarian cavity formation was observed in some individuals from 18–20 mm TL. The mixed sex population displayed bimodal expression patterns as regards cyp19a1a (starting at 12 mm TL) and amh (starting at 20 mm TL) mRNA levels. After approximately 30 mm TL, cyp19a1a and amh displayed a gradual increase in both sexes. No apparent, sex-dependent expression patterns were found for dax1, shp or sox9b transcripts. However, shp levels were high until the larvae reached around 35 mm TL and then dropped to low levels, while dax1 remained low until 35 mm TL, and then increased sharply. Conclusions: The morphological sex differentiation in females commenced between 14–20 mm TL, and ovarian cavities were evident by 18–20 mm TL. Testis development occurred later, and was morphologically evident after 30 mm TL. This pattern was corroborated with sexually dimorphic expression patterns of cyp19a1a from 12–13 mm TL, and a male-specific increase in amh from 20 mm TL.en_US
dc.language.isoengeng
dc.publisherBioMed Centralen_US
dc.rightsAttribution CC BYeng
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0eng
dc.subjectAtlantic codeng
dc.subjectSex differentiationeng
dc.subjectAromataseeng
dc.subjectcyp19a1aeng
dc.subjectAnti-müllerian hormoneeng
dc.subjectamheng
dc.subjectdax1eng
dc.subjectshpeng
dc.subjectMasculinizationeng
dc.titleSex differentiation in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.): morphological and gene expression studiesen_US
dc.typePeer reviewed
dc.typeJournal article
dc.date.updated2013-08-23T09:15:38Z
dc.description.versionPeer Reviewed
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holderTrine Haugen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.en_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2012 Haugen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltden_US
dc.source.articlenumber47
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-10-47
dc.identifier.cristin964648
dc.source.journalReproductive Biology and Endocrinology
dc.source.4010


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