• Characterization of Wind-Sea- and Swell-Induced Wave Energy along the Norwegian Coast 

      Christakos, Konstantinos; Varlas, George; Cheliotis, Ioannis; Spyrou, Christos; Aarnes, Ole Johan; Furevik, Birgitte Rugaard (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      The necessity to reduce CO2 emissions in combination with the rising energy demand worldwide makes the extensive use of renewable energy sources increasingly important. To that end, countries with long coastlines, such as ...
    • Climate change and safe design of ship structures 

      Bitner-Gregersen, Elzbieta M.; Vanem, Erik; Gramstad, Odin; Hørte, Torfinn; Aarnes, Ole Johan; Reistad, Magnar; Breivik, Øyvind; Magnusson, Anne Karin; Natvig, Bent (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018-02)
      The paper addresses projected changes of wave climate in the North Atlantic and their impact on the safe design of ships, with a particular focus given on associated uncertainties. The Fifth Assessment Report of the ...
    • Comparison of wind speed and wave height trends from twentieth-century models and satellite altimeters 

      Meucci, Alberto; Young, Ian R.; Aarnes, Ole Johan; Breivik, Øyvind (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      The trends in marine 10-m wind speed U10 and significant wave height Hs found in two century-long reanalyses are compared against a model-only integration. Reanalyses show spurious trends due to the assimilation of an ...
    • Extremes and Trends in Wave Climate. A regional and global study 

      Aarnes, Ole Johan (Doctoral thesis, 2015-01-16)
      Wind generated surface waves represent a critical factor for offshore constructions and coastal development, and are highly relevant in scientific questions related to climate and weather. The sea state can be described ...
    • Global ocean wave fields show consistent regional trends between 1980 and 2014 in a multi-product ensemble 

      Erikson, L.; Morim, J.; Hemer, M.; Young, I.; Wang, X.L.; Mentaschi, L.; Mori, N.; Semedo, A.; Stopa, J.; Grigorieva, V.; Gulev, S.; Aarnes, Ole Johan; Bidlot, J.-R.; Breivik, Øyvind; Bricheno, L.; Shimura, T.; Menendez, M.; Markina, M.; Sharmar, V.; Trenham, C.; Wolf, J.; Appendini, C.; Caires, S.; Groll, N.; Webb, A. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      Historical trends in the direction and magnitude of ocean surface wave height, period, or direction are debated due to diverse data, time-periods, or methodologies. Using a consistent community-driven ensemble of global ...
    • A high‐resolution hindcast of wind and waves for the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea, and the Barents Sea 

      Reistad, Magnar; Breivik, Øyvind; Haakenstad, Hilde; Aarnes, Ole Johan; Furevik, Birgitte Rugaard; Bidlot, Jean-Raymond (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2011-05)
      A combined high-resolution atmospheric downscaling and wave hindcast based on the ERA-40 reanalysis covering the Norwegian Sea, the North Sea, and the Barents Sea is presented. The period covered is from September 1957 to ...
    • The Impact of a Reduced High-Wind Charnock Parameter on Wave Growth With Application to the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea, and the Arctic Ocean 

      Breivik, Øyvind; Carrasco, Ana; Haakenstad, Hilde; Aarnes, Ole Johan; Behrens, Arno; Bidlot, Jean-Raymond; Björkqvist, Jan-Victor; Bohlinger, Patrik; Furevik, Birgitte Rugaard; Staneva, Joanna; Reistad, Magnar (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      As atmospheric models move to higher resolution and resolve smaller scales, the maximum modeled wind speed also tends to increase. Wave models tuned to coarser wind fields tend to overestimate the wave growth under strong ...
    • The importance of wind forcing in fjord wave modelling 

      Christakos, Konstantinos; Furevik, Birgitte Rugaard; Aarnes, Ole Johan; Breivik, Øyvind; Tuomi, Laura; Byrkjedal, Øyvind (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019-12-03)
      Accurate predictions of surface ocean waves in coastal areas are important for a number of marine activities. In complex coastlines with islands and fjords, the quality of wind forcing significantly affects the results. ...
    • In situ coastal observations of wave homogeneity and coherence 

      Christakos, Konstantinos; Gao, Zhen; Furevik, Birgitte Rugaard; Björkqvist, Jan-Victor; Aarnes, Ole Johan (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      A better understanding of wave homogeneity, i.e. the spatial variations of the wave characteristics, and wave coherence in coastal areas and fjords is essential for the design and analysis of sea-crossing infrastructures, ...
    • Marine Wind and Wave Height Trends at Different ERA-Interim Forecast Ranges 

      Aarnes, Ole Johan; Abdalla, Saleh; Bidlot, Jean-Raymond; Breivik, Øyvind (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2015-01-15)
      Trends in marine wind speed and significant wave height are investigated using the global reanalysis ERA-Interim over the period 1979–2012, based on monthly-mean and monthly-maximum data. Besides the traditional reanalysis, ...
    • NORA10EI: A revised regional atmosphere-wave hindcast for the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea 

      Haakenstad, Hilde; Breivik, Øyvind; Reistad, Magnar; Aarnes, Ole Johan (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      NORA10EI, a new atmosphere and wave hindcast for the Norwegian Sea, the North Sea and the Barents Sea is presented. The hindcast uses ERA‐Interim as initial and boundary conditions and covers the period 1979–2017. The ...
    • Nora3: A nonhydrostatic high-resolution hindcast of the North sea, the Norwegian sea, and the Barents sea 

      Haakenstad, Hilde; Breivik, Øyvind; Furevik, Birgitte Rugaard; Reistad, Magnar; Bohlinger, Patrik; Aarnes, Ole Johan (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      The 3-km Norwegian Reanalysis (NORA3) is a 15-yr mesoscale-permitting atmospheric hindcast of the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea, and the Barents Sea. With a horizontal resolution of 3 km, the nonhydrostatic numerical weather ...
    • Projected changes in significant wave height toward the end of the 21st century: Northeast Atlantic 

      Aarnes, Ole Johan; Reistad, Magnar; Breivik, Øyvind; Bitner-Gregersen, Elzbieta M.; Eide, Lars Ingolf; Gramstad, Odin; Magnusson, Anne Karin; Natvig, Bent; Vanem, Erik (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017-04)
      Wind field ensembles from six CMIP5 models force wave model time slices of the northeast Atlantic over the last three decades of the 20th and the 21st centuries. The future wave climate is investigated by considering the ...
    • Wave Extremes in the Northeast Atlantic 

      Aarnes, Ole Johan; Breivik, Øyvind; Reistad, Magnar (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2012-03)
      The objective of this study is to compute 100-yr return value estimates of significant wave height using a new hindcast developed by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. This regional hindcast covers the northeast ...
    • Wind and wave extremes over the world oceans from very large ensembles 

      Breivik, Øyvind; Aarnes, Ole Johan; Abdalla, Saleh; Bidlot, Jean-Raymond; Janssen, Peter A. E. M. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2014-07)
      Global return values of marine wind speed and significant wave height are estimated from very large aggregates of archived ensemble forecasts at +240 h lead time. Long lead time ensures that the forecasts represent independent ...