• Distribution of energetic oxygen and hydrogen in the near-Earth plasma sheet 

      Kronberg, Elena A.; Grigorenko, Elena; Haaland, Stein; Daly, Patrick W.; Delcourt, Dominique C.; Luo, Hao; Kistler, Lynn M.; Dandouras, Iannis (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2015-05)
      The spatial distributions of different ion species are useful indicators for plasma sheet dynamics. In this statistical study based on 7 years of Cluster observations, we establish the spatial distributions of oxygen ions ...
    • Heavy Metal and Rock in Space: Cluster RAPID Observations of Fe and Si 

      Håland, Stein Egil; Daly, Patrick W.; Vilenius, Esa (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Metallic and silicate ions carry essential information about the evolution of the Earth and near-Earth small bodies. Despite this, there has so far been very little focus on ions with atomic masses higher than oxygen in ...
    • Suprathermal Fe in the Earth's Plasma Environment: Cluster RAPID Observations 

      Haaland, Stein; Daly, Patrick W.; Vilenius, Esa; Krcelic, Patrik; Dandouras, Iannis (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Baryonic matter in geospace is almost exclusively in a plasma state, with protons (H +) and to some extent ionized helium (He) and oxygen (O) being the dominant ion species. But also other heavier ion species and even ...