• Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults 

      Bixby, Honor; Bentham, James; Zhou, Bin; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Paciorek, Christopher J.; Bennett, James E.; Taddei, Cristina; Stevens, Gretchen A.; Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.; Andersen, Lars Bo; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Ekelund, Ulf; Kolle, Elin; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein; Tarp, Jakob; Ariansen, Inger; Biehl, Anna Månsson; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel; Meisfjord, Jørgen Rajan; Bjertness, Espen; Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark; Meyer, Haakon E; Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan; Tell, Grethe S.; Janszky, Imre; Krokstad, Steinar; Laugsand, Lars Erik; Sen, Abhijit; Vatten, Lars Johan; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; Wilsgaard, Tom; Khang, Young-Ho; Soric, Maroje; Gregg, Edward W.; Miranda, J. Jaime; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Savin, Stefan; Sophiea, Marisa K.; Iurilli, Maria L. C.; Solomon, Bethlehem D.; Cowan, Melanie J.; Riley, Leanne M.; Danaei, Goodarz; Bovet, Pascal; Chirita-Emandi, Adela; Hambleton, Ian R; Hayes, Alison J; Ikeda, Nayu; Kengne, Andre P; Laxmaiah, Avula (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)
      Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most ...
    • The risk association of plasma total homocysteine with acute myocardial infarction is modified by serum vitamin A 

      Olsen, Thomas; Vinknes, Kathrine; Svingen, Gard Frodahl Tveitevåg; Pedersen, Eva Ringdal; Dhar, Indu; Tell, Grethe S.; Blomhoff, Rune; Ueland, Per Magne; Midttun, Øivind; Refsum, Helga; Nygård, Ottar (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
      Background. Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Vitamin A (Vit-A) is involved in homocysteine metabolism and we therefore ...
    • Risk factors and outcomes of preterm birth. A study of the associations of preterm birth with cerebral palsy and atopic diseases 

      Trønnes, Håvard (Doctoral thesis, 2014-10-03)
      Background: Children born preterm are at increased risk for a number of chronic diseases, including cerebral palsy and asthma. Asthma is usually categorised among the atopic diseases, but whether preterm birth also affects ...
    • Risk Factors for Extended Duration of Acute Diarrhea in Young Children 

      Strand, Tor A.; Sharma, Pushpa R.; Gjessing, Håkon K.; Ulak, Manjeswori; Chandyo, Ram Krishna; Adhikari, Ramesh K.; Sommerfelt, Halvor (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2012-05-08)
      Objective and Background: We sought to identify predictors of extended duration of diarrhea in young children, which contributes substantially to the nearly 1 1/2 million annual diarrheal deaths globally. Methods: We ...
    • Risk factors for fracture and fracture severity of the distal radius and ankle : What about osteoporosis, celiac disease and obesity? 

      Hjelle, Anja Myhre (Doctoral thesis, 2021-06-17)
      Background: Fractures are a substantial burden for both individuals and society. For the individual it leads to pain, reduced quality of life, disability and increased mortality. For society, it carries a great cost and ...
    • Risk factors for maternal death in the highlands of rural northern Tanzania: a case-control study 

      Evjen-Olsen, Bjørg; Hinderaker, Sven Gudmund; Lie, Rolv Terje; Bergsjø, Per; Gasheka, Peter; Kvåle, Gunnar (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2008-02-08)
      Background Tanzania has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to the paucity of epidemiological information on maternal deaths, and the high maternal mortality estimates found earlier in ...
    • Risk factors for obstructed labour in Eastern Uganda: A case control study 

      Musaba, Milton W.; Ndeezi, Grace; Barageine, Justus K.; Weeks, Andrew; Nankabirwa, Victoria; Wamono, Felix; Semakula, Daniel; Tumwine, James K.; Wandabwa, Julius N. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020-02-10)
      Introduction: Obstructed labour (OL) is an important clinical and public health problem because of the associated maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for OL and its associated obstetric squeal are ...
    • Risk factors for scabies, tungiasis, and tinea infections among schoolchildren in southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional Bayesian multilevel model 

      Amare, Hiwot Hailu; Lindtjorn, Bernt (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Background: Skin problems cause significant sickness in communities with poor living conditions, but they have received less attention in national or global health studies because of their low mortality rates. In many ...
    • Risk factors in hospital deaths in severely malnourished children in Kampala, Uganda 

      Bachou, Hanifa; Tumwine, James K.; Mwadime, Robert K. N.; Tylleskär, Thorkild (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2006-03-16)
      Background: Although the risk factors for increased fatality among severely malnourished children have been reported, recent information from Africa, during a period of HIV pandemic and constrained health services, remains ...
    • Risk factors, healthcare-seeking and sexual behaviour among patients with genital ulcers in Zambia 

      Makasa, Mpundu; Fylkesnes, Knut; Sandøy, Ingvild Fossgard (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2012-06-06)
      Background: Genital ulcers (GU) are associated with an increased risk of HIV transmission. Understanding risk factors for genital ulcers and sexual behaviour patterns after onset of symptoms and health seeking behaviour ...
    • Risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring of mothers with infections during pregnancy 

      Walle, Kjersti Mæhlum; Askeland, Ragna Bugge; Gustavson, Kristin; Mjaaland, Siri; Ystrøm, Eivind; Lipkin, W. Ian; Magnus, Per Minor; Stoltenberg, Camilla; Susser, Ezra; Bresnahan, Michaeline; Hornig, Mady; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted; Ask, Helga (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      Background Maternal infections during pregnancy are common events that have been suggested to be risk factors for Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. Only a few studies have been conducted to ...
    • Risk of congenital anomalies after exposure to asthma medication in the first trimester of pregnancy – a cohort linkage study 

      Garne, E; Hansen, A Vinkel; Morris, J; Jordan, S; Klungsøyr, Kari; Engeland, Anders; Tucker, D; Thayer, D S; Davies, G I; Andersen, A-M Nybo; Dolk, H (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016)
      Objective: To examine the effect of maternal exposure to asthma medications on the risk of congenital anomalies. Design: Meta-analysis of aggregated data from three cohort studies. Setting: Linkage between healthcare ...
    • Risk of Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring of Affected Mothers and Fathers 

      Øyen, Nina; Boyd, Heather A.; Carstensen, Lisbeth; Søndergaard, Lars; Wohlfahrt, Jan; Melbye, Mads (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      Background: Smaller studies have reported a higher offspring risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs) for mothers with CHDs than for fathers with CHDs. In a large population-based study, we investigated whether offspring ...
    • Risk of diabetes after gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. A registry-based study of 230,000 women in Norway 

      Engeland, Anders; Bjørge, Tone; Daltveit, Anne Kjersti; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Vangen, Siri; Vollset, Stein Emil; Furu, Kari (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2011-02-06)
      This study aimed to use a population-based Prescription Database to explore later development of diabetes in women registered with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and/or preeclampsia in the Medical Birth Registry of ...
    • Risk of hip fracture among older people using anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs: a nationwide prospective cohort study 

      Bakken, Marit Stordal; Engeland, Anders; Engesæter, Lars B.; Ranhoff, Anette Hylen; Hunskaar, Steinar; Ruths, Sabine (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2014-05-09)
      Purpose Anxiolytics and hypnotics are widely used and may cause injurious falls. We aimed to examine associations between exposure to anxiolytics and hypnotics and the risk of hip fracture among all older people in Norway. ...
    • Risk of hip fracture among older peopleusing antihypertensive drugs: a nationwidecohort study 

      Ruths, Sabine; Bakken, Marit Stordal; Ranhoff, Anette Hylen; Hunskaar, Steinar; Engesæter, Lars B.; Engeland, Anders (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2015-12-01)
      Background: Many people with a high risk of hip fracture have coexisting cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to examine associations between exposure to antihypertensive drugs and the risk of hip fracture among older people. ...
    • Risk of Ischemic Stroke and Total Cerebrovascular Disease in Familial Hypercholesterolemia. 

      Hovland, Anders; Mundal, Liv; Igland, Jannicke; Veierød, Marit Bragelien; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Tell, Grethe S.; Leren, Trond Paul; Retterstøl, Kjetil (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019-01)
      Background and Purpose—Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common autosomal dominant disease leading to increased level of serum LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and risk of coronary heart disease. Whether FH ...
    • Risk of Relapse Among Opioid‐Dependent Patients Treated With Extended‐Release Naltrexone or Buprenorphine‐Naloxone: A Randomized Clinical Trial 

      Opheim, Arild; Gaulen, Zhanna; Solli, Kristin Klemmetsby; Latif, Zill-E-Huma; Fadnes, Lars T.; Saltyte Benth, Jurate; Kunøe, Nikolaj; Tanum, Lars Håkon Reiestad (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Background and Objectives: Compare the risk of relapse to heroin and other illicit opioids among opioid-dependent patients receiving treatment with extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) or buprenorphine-naloxone ...
    • Risk of relapse to non-opioid addictive substances among opioid dependent patients treated with an opioid receptor antagonist or a partial agonist: A randomized clinical trial 

      Opheim, Arild; Saltyte Benth, Jurate; Solli, Kristin Klemmetsby; Kloster, Pia Synnøve; Fadnes, Lars T.; Kunøe, Nikolaj; Gaulen, Zhanna; Tanum, Lars Håkon Reiestad (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)
      Background and objective First study to assess any compensatory increase in use of non-opioid illicit substances and alcohol in opioid dependent patients randomized to treatment with extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) ...
    • The risk of respiratory tract infections and antibiotic use in a general population and among people with asthma 

      Kisiel, Marta A.; Zhou, Xingwu; Björnsson, Eythor; Holm, Mathias; Dahlman-Höglund, Anna; Wang, Juan; Svanes, Cecilie; Norbäck, Dan; Franklin, Karl A.; Malinovschi, Andrei; Johannessen, Ane; Schlünssen, Vivi; Janson, Christer (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Aim The aim of this study was to investigate occupational, environmental, early life and other risk factors associated with respiratory infections and antibiotics use in a general population and among asthmatic ...