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    • Incident coronary heart disease after Preeclampsia: Role of reduced fetal growth, preterm delivery, and parity 

      Riise, Hilde Kristin Refvik; Sulo, Gerhard; Tell, Grethe S.; Igland, Jannicke; Nygård, Ottar; Vollset, Stein Emil; Iversen, Ann-Charlotte; Austgulen, Rigmor; Daltveit, Anne Kjersti (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017)
      Background: Preeclampsia is a severe pregnancy disorder often complicated by reduced fetal growth or preterm delivery and is associated with long‐term maternal morbidity and mortality. We aimed to assess the association ...

    • Incident type 2 diabetes attributable to suboptimal diet in 184 countries 

      O’Hearn, Meghan; Lara-Castor, Laura; Cudhea, Frederick; Miller, Victoria; Reedy, Julia; Shi, Peilin; Zhang, Jianyi; Wong, John B.; Economos, Christina D.; Micha, Renata; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Bas, Murat; Ali, Jemal Haidar; Abumweis, Suhad; Krishnan, Anand; Misra, Puneet; Hwalla, Nahla Chawkat; Janakiram, Chandrashekar; Liputo, Nur Indrawaty; Musaiger, Abdulrahman; Pourfarzi, Farhad; Alam, Iftikhar; DeRidder, Karin; Termote, Celine; Memon, Anjum; Turrini, Aida; Lupotto, Elisabetta; Piccinelli, Raffaela; Sette, Stefania; Anzid, Karim; Vossenaar, Marieke; Mazumdar, Paramita; Rached, Ingrid; Rovirosa, Alicia; Zapata, María Elisa; Asayehu, Tamene Taye; Oduor, Francis; Boedecker, Julia; Aluso, Lilian; Ortiz-Ulloa, Johana; Meenakshi, J.V.; Castro, Michelle; Grosso, Giuseppe; Waskiewicz, Anna; Khan, Umber S.; Thanopoulou, Anastasia; Malekzadeh, Reza; Calleja, Neville; Ocke, Marga; Etemad, Zohreh; Nsour, Mohannad Al; Waswa, Lydiah M.; Nurk, Eha; Arsenault, Joanne; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio; Sibai, Abla Mehio; Damasceno, Albertino; Arambepola, Carukshi; Lopes, Carla; Severo, Milton; Lunet, Nuno; Torres, Duarte; Tapanainen, Heli; Lindstrom, Jaana; Virtanen, Suvi; Palacios, Cristina; Roos, Eva; Agdeppa, Imelda Angeles; Desnacido, Josie; Capanzana, Mario; Misra, Anoop; Khouw, Ilse; Ng, Swee Ai; Delgado, Edna Gamboa; Caballero, Mauricio; Otero, Johanna; Lee, Hae-Jeung; Koksal, Eda; Guessous, Idris; Lachat, Carl; De Henauw, Stefaan; Rahbar, Ali Reza; Tedstone, Alison; Naska, Androniki; Mathee, Angie; Ling, Annie; Tedla, Bemnet; Hopping, Beth; Ginnela, Brahmam; Leclercq, Catherine; Duante, Charmaine; Haerpfer, Christian; Hotz, Christine; Pitsavos, Christos; Rehm, Colin; van Oosterhout, Coline; Cerdena, Corazon; Bradshaw, Debbie; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Gauci, Dorothy; Fernando, Dulitha; Sygnowska, Elzbieta; Vartiainen, Erkki; Farzadfar, Farshad; Zajkas, Gabor; Swan, Gillian; Ma, Guansheng; Pekcan, Gulden; Ibrahim, Hajah Masni; Sinkko, Harri; Barbieri, Helene Enghardt; Sioen, Isabelle; Myhre, Jannicke; Gaspoz, Jean-Michel; Odenkirk, Jillian; Bundhamcharoen, Kanitta; Nelis, Keiu; Zarina, Khairul; Biro, Lajos; Johansson, Lars; Steingrimsdottir, Laufey; Riley, Leanne; Yap, Mabel; Inoue, Manami; Szabo, Maria; Ovaskainen, Marja-Leena; Lee, Meei-Shyuan; Chan, Mei Fen; Cowan, Melanie; Kandiah, Mirnalini; Kally, Ola; Jonsdottir, Olof; Palmer, Pam; Vollenweider, Peter; Orfanos, Philippos; Asciak, Renzo; Templeton, Robert; Don, Rokiah; Yaakub, Roseyati; Selamat, Rusidah; Yusof, Safiah; Al-Zenki, Sameer; Hung, Shu-Yi; Beer-Borst, Sigrid; Wu, Suh; Lukito, Widjaja; Hadden, Wilbur; Becker, Wulf; Cao, Xia; Ma, Yi; Lai, Yuen; Hjdaud, Zaiton; Ali, Jennifer; Gravel, Ron; Tao, Tina; Veerman, Jacob Lennert; Chiplonkar, Shashi; Arici, Mustafa; Ngoan, Le Tran; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes; Li, Yanping; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Barengo, Noel; Khadilkar, Anuradha; Ekbote, Veena; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Kovalskys, Irina; Laxmaiah, Avula; Rachakulla, Harikumar; Rajkumar, Hemalatha; Meshram, Indrapal; Avula, Laxmaiah; Arlappa, Nimmathota; Hemalatha, Rajkumar; lacoviello, Licia; Bonaccio, Marialaura; Costanzo, Simona; Martin-Prevel, Yves; Castetbon, Katia; Jitnarin, Nattinee; Hsieh, Yao-Te; Olivares, Sonia; Tejeda, Gabriela; Hadziomeragic, Aida; de Moura Souza, Amanda; Pan, Wen-Harn; Huybrechts, Inge; de Brauw, Alan; Moursi, Mourad; Maghroun, Maryam; Zeba, Augustin Nawidimbasba; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; Keinan-Boker, Lital; Goldsmith, Rebecca; Shimony, Tal; Jordan, Irmgard; Mastiholi, Shivanand C.; Mwangi, Moses; Kombe, Yeri; Bukania, Zipporah; Alissa, Eman; Al-Daghri, Nasser; Sabico, Shaun; Gulliford, Martin; Diba, Tshilenge S.; Oh, Kyungwon; Kweon, Sanghui; Park, Sihyun; Cho, Yoonsu; Al-Hooti, Suad; Luangphaxay, Chanthaly; Douangvichit, Daovieng; Siengsounthone, Latsamy; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Rybak, Constance; Luke, Amy; Piaseu, Noppawan; Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa; Sundram, Kalyana; Baykova, Donka; Abedi, Parvin; Sandjaja, Sandjaja; Fadzil, Fariza; Bukhary, Noriklil Bukhary Ismail; Bovet, Pascal; Chen, Yu; Sawada, Norie; Tsugane, Shoichiro; Rangelova, Lalka; Petrova, Stefka; Duleva, Vesselka; Lindroos, Anna Karin; Sipinen, Jessica Petrelius; Moraeus, Lotta; Bergman, Per; Siamusantu, Ward; Szponar, Lucjan; Chang, Hsing-Yi; Sekiyama, Makiko; Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh; Nagalla, Balakrishna; Polasa, Kalpagam; Boindala, Sesikeran; El Ati, Jalila; Silva, Ivonne Ramirez; Dommarco, Juan Rivera; Barquera, Simon; Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia; Illescas-Zarate, Daniel; Sanchez-Romero, Luz Maria; Ikeda, Nayu; Zaghloul, Sahar; Houshiar-rad, Anahita; Mohammadi-Nasrabadi, Fatemeh; Abdollahi, Morteza; Chuah, Khun-Aik; Mahdy, Zaleha Abdullah; Eldridge, Alison; Ding, Eric L.; Kruger, Herculina; Henjum, Sigrun; Fernandez, Anne; Suarez-Ortegon, Milton Fabian; Al-Hamad, Nawal; Janská, Veronika; Tayyem, Reema; Mirmiran, Parvin; Kelishadi, Roya; Lemming, Eva Warensjo; Richter, Almut; Mensink, Gert; Wieler, Lothar; Hoffman, Daniel; Salanave, Benoit; Kim, Cho-il; Kuriyan-Raj, Rebecca; Swaminathan, Sumathi; Garriguet, Didier; Dastgiri, Saeed; Vaask, Sirje; Karupaiah, Tilakavati; Zohoori, Fatemeh Vida; Esteghamati, Alireza; Hashemian, Maryam; Noshad, Sina; Mwaniki, Elizabeth; Yakes-Jimenez, Elizabeth; Chileshe, Justin; Mwanza, Sydney; Marques, Lydia Lera; Preston, Alan Martin; Aguero, Samuel Duran; Oleas, Mariana; Posada, Luz; Ochoa, Angelica; Shamsuddin, Khadijah; Shariff, Zalilah Mohd; Jan Bin Jan Mohamed, Hamid; Manan, Wan; Nicolau, Anca; Tudorie, Cornelia; Poh, Bee Koon; Abbott, Pamela; Pakseresht, Mohammadreza; Sharma, Sangita; Strand, Tor Arne; Alexy, Ute; Nöthlings, Ute; Carmikle, Jan; Brown, Ken; Koster, Jeremy; Waidyatilaka, Indu; Lanerolle, Pulani; Jayawardena, Ranil; Long, Julie M.; Hambidge, K. Michael; Krebs, Nancy F.; Haque, Aminul; Keding, Gudrun B.; Korkalo, Liisa; Erkkola, Maijaliisa; Freese, Riitta; Eleraky, Laila; Stuetz, Wolfgang; Thorsdottir, Inga; Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjorg; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Moy, Foong Ming; Anderson, Simon; Jeewon, Rajesh; Zugravu, Corina Aurelia; Adair, Linda; Ng, Shu Wen; Skeaff, Sheila; Marchioni, Dirce; Fisberg, Regina; Henry, Carol; Ersino, Getahun; Zello, Gordon; Meyer, Alexa; Elmadfa, Ibrahim; Mitchell, Claudette; Balfour, David; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; Manary, Mark; El-kour, Tatyana; Nikiema, Laetitia; Mirzaei, Masoud; Hakeem, Rubina (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)
      The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk assessment model estimated T2D incidence among adults attributable to direct and body weight-mediated effects of 11 dietary ...

    • Increased access to care and appropriateness of treatment at private sector drug shops with integrated management of malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea: A quasi-experimental study in Uganda 

      Awor, Phyllis; Wamani, Henry; Tylleskär, Thorkild; Jagoe, George; Peterson, Stefan (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2014-12-26)
      Introduction: Drug shops are a major source of care for children in low income countries but they provide sub-standard care. We assessed the feasibility and effect on quality of care of introducing diagnostics and pre-packaged ...

    • Increased Bcl-2 and Reduced Bax Expression in Infected Macrophages in Slowly Progressive Primary Murine Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection 

      Mogga, S. J.; Mustafa, Tehmina; Sviland, Lisbet; Nilsen, Rune (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2002-10)
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) persists in host macrophages (Mφs) because it has developed mechanisms to escape Mφ killing. In vitro studies have shown that MTB can induce and inhibit apoptosis by causing the expression ...

    • Increased Epstein-Barr virus in breast milk occurs with subclinical mastitis and HIV shedding 

      Sanosyan, Armen; Rutagwera, David Gatsinzi; Moles, Jean-Pierre; Bollore, Karine; Peries, Marianne; Kankasa, Chipepo; Mwiya, Mwiya; Tylleskär, Thorkild; Nagot, Nicolas; Van de Perre, Philippe; Tuaillon, Edouard (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016-07)
      Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in breast milk and subclinical mastitis (SCM) are both associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) shedding and possibly with postnatal HIV transmission. The objective of this nested ...

    • Increased Expression of Fas Ligand in Human Tuberculosis and Leprosy Lesions: a Potential Novel Mechanism of Immune Evasion in Mycobacterial Infection 

      Mustafa, Tehmina; Bjune, Gunnar Aksel; Jonsson, Roland; Pando, R. Hernandez; Nilsen, Rune (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2001-12)
      To study the location and mechanism of apoptosis within the human tuberculosis (TB) and leprosy lesions, parallel sections were analyzed for mycobacterial antigens (M.Ag), Fas ligand (FasL), Fas, CD68 and Mac387 by ...

    • Increased fairness in priority setting processes within the health sector: the case of Kapiri-Mposhi District, Zambia 

      Zulu, Joseph; Michelo, Charles; Msoni, Carol; Hurtig, Anna-Karin; Byskov, Jens; Blystad, Astrid (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2014-02-18)
      Background: The challenge of priority setting (PS) in health care within contexts of severe resource limitations has continued to receive attention. Accountability for Reasonableness (AFR) has emerged as a useful framework ...

    • Increased Health Risk in Subjects with High Self-Reported Seasonality 

      Øyane, Nicolas Melchior Frederic; Ursin, Reidun; Pallesen, Ståle; Holsten, Fred; Bjorvatn, Bjørn (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2010-03-03)
      Background: Seasonal variations in mood and behaviour, termed seasonality, are commonly reported in the general population. As a part of a large cross-sectional health survey in Hordaland, Norway, we investigated the ...

    • Increased incidence of postoperative infections during prophylaxis with cephalothin compared to doxycycline in intestinal surgery 

      Baatrup, Gunnar; Nilsen, Roy Miodini; Svensen, Rune; Akselsen, Per E. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2009-12-07)
      Background: The antibiotics used for prophylaxis during surgery may influence the rate of surgical site infections. Tetracyclines are attractive having a long half-life and few side effects when used in a single dose ...

    • Increased risk of peripartum perinatal mortality in unplanned births outside an institution: a retrospective population-based study 

      Engjom, Hilde Marie; Morken, Nils-Halvdan; Høydahl, Even; Norheim, Ole Frithjof; Klungsøyr, Kari (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017-08)
      Background: Births in midwife-led institutions may reduce the frequency of medical interventions and provide cost-effective care, while larger institutions offer medically and technically advanced obstetric care. Unplanned ...

    • Increasing demand for health facility birth. A qualitative study exploring barriers and facilitators for skilled care utilization in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia 

      Angelshaug, Jeanette (Master thesis, 2013-08-21)
      The current study aims to explore women’s and health workers experiences and perceptions on barriers and facilitators for health facility delivery in Northern Ethiopia. Ethiopia has one of the highest maternal mortality ...

    • Indivdual and organizational features of a favourable work environment in nursing homes: a cross-sectional study 

      Potrebny, Thomas; Igland, Jannicke; Espehaug, Birgitte; Ciliska, Donna; Graverholt, Birgitte (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022-10-10)
      Background: The organizational context in healthcare (i.e., the work environment) is associated with patient outcomes and job satisfaction. Long-term care is often considered to be a challenging work environment, characterized ...

    • Individual peer counselling for exclusive breastfeeding in Uganda 

      Nankunda, Jolly (Doctoral thesis, 2012-02-06)
      Introduction Breastfeeding remains a potent child survival strategy estimated to save up to 1.5 million infant deaths every year when optimally practiced. Despite breastfeeding being universal in most of sub-Saharan Africa, ...

    • Individual Variation in Adaptive Immune Responses and Risk of Hip Fracture-A NOREPOS Population-Based Cohort Study 

      Dahl, Jesper; Holvik, Kristin; Heldal, Einar; Grimnes, Guri; Hoff, Mari; Finnes, Trine; Apalset, Ellen Margrete; Meyer, Haakon E (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Immune‐mediated bone loss significantly impacts fracture risk in patients with autoimmune disease, but to what extent individual variations in immune responses affect fracture risk on a population level is unknown. To ...

    • Individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia have excess risk of eating disorders - a prospectively matched cohort study 

      Urke, Eli Bjørnøy; Igland, Jannicke; Mundal, Liv; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Svendsen, Karianne (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)

    • Indoor Environment in University Buildings. Assessment of subjective and objective parametres and outcomes 

      Bakke, Jan Vilhelm (Doctoral thesis, 2008-05-16)
      In 2004, symptoms, perceptions and indoor exposures were studied among 173 (86%) of the employees in four University buildings of which two were claimed to have dampness problems (problem buildings), two other buildings ...

    • Inequalities in utilization of maternal and child health services in Ethiopia: the role of primary health care 

      Verguet, Stéphane; Levin, Carol; Memirie, Solomon Tessema; Norheim, Ole F.; Johansson, Kjell Arne (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016-02-12)
      Background: Health systems aim to narrow inequality in access to health care across socioeconomic groups and area of residency. However, in low-income countries, studies are lacking that systematically monitor and evaluate ...

    • Inequity in utilization of health care facilities during childbirth: a community-based survey in post-conflict Northern Uganda 

      Mukunya, David; Tumwine, James K; Ndeezi, Grace; Tumuhamye, Josephine; Tongun, Justin Bruno; Kizito, Samuel; Napyo, Agnes; Achora, Vincentina; Odongkara, Beatrice; Arach, Agnes Anna; Nankabirwa, Victoria (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Aim To assess inequity in utilization of health care facilities during childbirth and factors associated with home births in Lira district, Northern Uganda. Subjects and methods In 2016, we surveyed 930 mothers with ...

    • Infant feeding among HIV-positive mothers and the general population mothers: comparison of two cross-sectional surveys in Eastern Uganda 

      Fadnes, Lars Thore; Engebretsen, Ingunn Marie S.; Wamani, Henry; Semiyaga, Nulu; Tylleskär, Thorkild; Tumwine, James K. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2009-05-07)
      Background: Infant feeding recommendations for HIV-positive mothers differ from recommendations to mothers of unknown HIV-status. The aim of this study was to compare feeding practices, including breastfeeding, between ...

    • Infant feeding counselling in Uganda in a changing environment with focus on the general population and HIV-positive mothers - a mixed method approach 

      Fadnes, Lars Thore; Engebretsen, Ingunn Marie S.; Moland, Karen Marie; Nankunda, Jolly; Tumwine, James K.; Tylleskär, Thorkild (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2010-09-06)
      Background Health workers' counselling practices are essential to improve infant feeding practices. This paper will assess how infant feeding counselling was done and experienced by counsellors and mothers in Eastern Uganda ...