• Polymorphisms in the TP53-MDM2-MDM4-axis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis 

      Gansmo, Liv Beathe; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Mæhlen, Marthe Thoresen; Vatten, Lars Johan; Romundstad, Pål Richard; Hveem, Kristian; Lønning, Per Eystein; Knappskog, Stian (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Background In addition to being a tumour suppressor, TP53 is a suppressor of inflammation, and dysfunction of this gene has been related to autoimmune diseases. Patients with autoimmunity, such as rheumatoid arthritis ...
    • Population distribution and ancestry of the cancer protective MDM2 SNP285 (rs117039649) 

      Knappskog, Stian; Gansmo, Liv Beathe; Dibirova, Khadizha; Metspalu, Andres; Cybulski, Cezary; Peterlongo, Paolo; Aaltonen, Lauri; Vatten, Lars Johan; Romundstad, Pål Richard; Hveem, Kristian; Devilee, Peter; Evans, Gareth D; Lin, Dongxin; Van Camp, Guy; Manolopoulos, Vangelis G; Osorio, Ana; Milani, Lili; Ozcelik, Tayfun; Zalloua, Pierre; Mouzaya, Francis; Bliznetz, Elena; Balanovska, Elena; Pocheshkova, Elvira; Kucinskas, Vaidutis; Atramentova, Lubov; Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn; Titov, Konstantin; Lavryashina, Maria; Yusupov, Yuldash; Bogdanova, Natalia; Koshel, Sergey; Zamora, Jorge; Wedge, David C.; Charlesworth, Deborah; Dörk, Thilo; Balanovsky, Oleg; Lønning, Per Eystein (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2014-04-18)
      The MDM2 promoter SNP285C is located on the SNP309G allele. While SNP309G enhances Sp1 transcription factor binding and MDM2 transcription, SNP285C antagonizes Sp1 binding and reduces the risk of breast-, ovary- and ...
    • Prevalence of the CHEK2 R95* germline mutation 

      Knappskog, Stian; Leirvaag, Beryl; Gansmo, Liv Beate; Romundstad, Pål; Hveem, Kristian; Vatten, Lars; Lønning, Per Eystein (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016-09-27)
      Background: While germline CHEK2 mutations have been linked to a moderately elevated cancer risk, to date, a limited number of such mutations have been identified. Recently, we reported a germline nonsense mutation (C283T; ...
    • A saturated map of common genetic variants associated with human height 

      Yengo, Loïc; Vedantam, Sailaja; Marouli, Eirini; Sidorenko, Julia; Bartell, Eric; Sakaue, Saori; Graff, Marielisa; Eliasen, Anders U.; Jiang, Yunxuan; Raghavan, Sridharan; Miao, Jenkai; Arias, Joshua D.; Graham, Sarah E.; Mukamel, Ronen E.; Spracklen, Cassandra N.; Yin, Xianyong; Chen, Shyh-Huei; Ferreira, Teresa; Highland, Heather H.; Ji, Yingjie; Karaderi, Tugce; Lin, Kuang; Lüll, Kreete; Malden, Deborah E.; Medina-Gomez, Carolina; Machado, Moara; Moore, Amy; Rüeger, Sina; Sim, Xueling; Vrieze, Scott; Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S.; Akiyama, Masato; Allison, Matthew A.; Alvarez, Marcus; Andersen, Mette K.; Ani, Alireza; Appadurai, Vivek; Arbeeva, Liubov; Bhaskar, Seema; Bielak, Lawrence F.; Bollepalli, Sailalitha; Bonnycastle, Lori L.; Bork-Jensen, Jette; Bradfield, Jonathan P.; Bradford, Yuki; Braund, Peter S.; Brody, Jennifer A.; Burgdorf, Kristoffer S.; Cade, Brian E.; Cai, Hui; Cai, Qiuyin; Campbell, Archie; Cañadas-Garre, Marisa; Catamo, Eulalia; Chai, Jin-Fang; Chai, Xiaoran; Chang, Li-Ching; Chang, Yi-Cheng; Chen, Chien-Hsiun; Chesi, Alessandra; Choi, Seung Hoan; Chung, Ren-Hua; Cocca, Massimiliano; Concas, Maria Pina; Couture, Christian; Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel; Danning, Rebecca; Daw, E. Warwick; Degenhard, Frauke; Delgado, Graciela E.; Delitala, Alessandro; Demirkan, Ayse; Deng, Xuan; Devineni, Poornima; Dietl, Alexander; Dimitriou, Maria; Dimitrov, Latchezar; Dorajoo, Rajkumar; Ekici, Arif B.; Engmann, Jorgen E.; Fairhurst-Hunter, Zammy; Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni; Faul, Jessica D.; Fernandez-Lopez, Juan-Carlos; Forer, Lukas; Francescatto, Margherita; Freitag-Wolf, Sandra; Fuchsberger, Christian; Galesloot, Tessel E.; Gao, Yan; Gao, Zishan; Geller, Frank; Giannakopoulou, Olga; Giulianini, Franco; Gjesing, Anette P.; Goel, Anuj; Gordon, Scott D.; Gorski, Mathias; Grove, Jakob; Guo, Xiuqing; Gustafsson, Stefan; Haessler, Jeffrey; Hansen, Thomas; Havulinna, Aki S.; Haworth, Simon J.; He, Jing; Heard-Costa, Nancy; Hebbar, Prashantha; Hindy, George; Ho, Yuk-Lam A.; Hofer, Edith; Holliday, Elizabeth; Horn, Katrin; Hornsby, Whitney E.; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan; Huang, Hongyan; Huang, Jie; Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia; Huffman, Jennifer E.; Hung, Yi-Jen; Huo, Shaofeng; Hwang, Mi Yeong; Iha, Hiroyuki; Ikeda, Daisuke D.; Isono, Masato; Jackson, Anne U.; Jäger, Susanne; Jansen, Iris E.; Johansson, Ingegerd; Jonas, Jost B.; Jonsson, Anna; Jørgensen, Torben; Kalafati, Ioanna-Panagiota; Kanai, Masahiro; Kanoni, Stavroula; Kårhus, Line L.; Kasturiratne, Anuradhani; Katsuya, Tomohiro; Kawaguchi, Takahisa; Kember, Rachel L.; Kentistou, Katherine A.; Kim, Han-Na; Kim, Young Jin; Kleber, Marcus E.; Knol, Maria J.; Kurbasic, Azra; Lauzon, Marie; Le, Phuong; Lea, Rodney; Lee, Jong-Young; Leonard, Hampton L.; Li, Shengchao A.; Li, Xiaohui; Li, Xiaoyin; Liang, Jingjing; Lin, Honghuang; Lin, Shih-Yi; Liu, Jun; Liu, Xueping; Lo, Ken Sin; Long, Jirong; Lores-Motta, Laura; Luan, Jian’an; Lyssenko, Valeriya; Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka; Mahajan, Anubha; Mamakou, Vasiliki; Mangino, Massimo; Manichaikul, Ani; Marten, Jonathan; Mattheisen, Manuel; Mavarani, Laven; McDaid, Aaron F.; Meidtner, Karina; Melendez, Tori L.; Mercader, Josep M.; Milaneschi, Yuri; Miller, Jason E.; Millwood, Iona Y.; Mishra, Pashupati P.; Mitchell, Ruth E.; Møllehave, Line T.; Morgan, Anna; Mucha, Soeren; Munz, Matthias; Nakatochi, Masahiro; Nelson, Christopher P.; Nethander, Maria; Nho, Chu Won; Nielsen, Aneta A.; Nolte, Ilja M.; Nongmaithem, Suraj S.; Noordam, Raymond; Ntalla, Ioanna; Nutile, Teresa; Pandit, Anita; Christofidou, Paraskevi; Pärna, Katri; Pauper, Marc; Petersen, Eva R. B.; Petersen, Liselotte V.; Pitkänen, Niina; Polašek, Ozren; Poveda, Alaitz; Preuss, Michael H.; Pyarajan, Saiju; Raffield, Laura M.; Rakugi, Hiromi; Ramirez, Julia; Rasheed, Asif; Raven, Dennis; Rayner, Nigel W.; Riveros, Carlos; Rohde, Rebecca; Ruggiero, Daniela; Ruotsalainen, Sanni E.; Ryan, Kathleen A.; Sabater-Lleal, Maria; Saxena, Richa; Scholz, Markus; Sendamarai, Anoop; Shen, Botong; Shi, Jingchunzi; Shin, Jae Hun; Sidore, Carlo; Sitlani, Colleen M.; Slieker, Roderick C.; Smit, Roelof A. J.; Smith, Albert V.; Smith, Jennifer A.; Smyth, Laura J.; Southam, Lorraine; Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur; Sun, Liang; Takeuchi, Fumihiko; Tallapragada, Divya Sri Priyanka; Taylor, Kent D.; Tayo, Bamidele O.; Tcheandjieu, Catherine; Terzikhan, Natalie; Tesolin, Paola; Teumer, Alexander; Theusch, Elizabeth; Thompson, Deborah J.; Thorleifsson, Gudmar; Timmers, Paul R. H. J.; Trompet, Stella; Turman, Constance; Vaccargiu, Simona; van der Laan, Sander W.; van der Most, Peter J.; van Klinken, Jan B.; van Setten, Jessica; Verma, Shefali S.; Verweij, Niek; Veturi, Yogasudha; Wang, Carol A.; Wang, Chaolong; Wang, Lihua; Wang, Zhe; Warren, Helen R.; Bin Wei, Wen; Wickremasinghe, Ananda R.; Wielscher, Matthias; Wiggins, Kerri L.; Winsvold, Bendik K S; Wong, Andrew; Wu, Yang; Wuttke, Matthias; Xia, Rui; Xie, Tian; Yamamoto, Ken; Yang, Jingyun; Yao, Jie; Young, Hannah; Yousri, Noha A.; Yu, Lei; Zeng, Lingyao; Zhang, Weihua; Zhang, Xinyuan; Zhao, Jing-Hua; Zhao, Wei; Zhou, Wei; Zimmermann, Martina E.; Zoledziewska, Magdalena; Adair, Linda S.; Adams, Hieab H. H.; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.; Al-Mulla, Fahd; Arnett, Donna K.; Asselbergs, Folkert W.; Åsvold, Bjørn Olav; Attia, John; Banas, Bernhard; Bandinelli, Stefania; Bennett, David A.; Bergler, Tobias; Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan; Biino, Ginevra; Bisgaard, Hans; Boerwinkle, Eric; Böger, Carsten A.; Bønnelykke, Klaus; Boomsma, Dorret I.; Børglum, Anders D.; Borja, Judith B.; Bouchard, Claude; Bowden, Donald W.; Brandslund, Ivan; Brumpton, Ben Michael; Buring, Julie E.; Caulfield, Mark J.; Chambers, John C.; Chandak, Giriraj R.; Chanock, Stephen J.; Chaturvedi, Nish; Chen, Yii-Der Ida; Chen, Zhengming; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Christophersen, Ingrid E.; Ciullo, Marina; Cole, John W.; Collins, Francis S.; Cooper, Richard S.; Cruz, Miguel; Cucca, Francesco; Cupples, L. Adrienne; Cutler, Michael J.; Damrauer, Scott M.; Dantoft, Thomas M.; de Borst, Gert J.; de Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M.; De Jager, Philip L.; de Kleijn, Dominique P. V.; Janaka de Silva, de; Dedoussis, George V.; den Hollander, Anneke I.; Du, Shufa; Easton, Douglas F.; Elders, Petra J. M.; Eliassen, A. Heather; Ellinor, Patrick T.; Elmståhl, Sölve; Erdmann, Jeanette; Evans, Michele K.; Fatkin, Diane; Feenstra, Bjarke; Feitosa, Mary F.; Ferrucci, Luigi; Ford, Ian; Fornage, Myriam; Franke, Andre; Franks, Paul W.; Freedman, Barry I.; Gasparini, Paolo; Gieger, Christian; Girotto, Giorgia; Goddard, Michael E.; Golightly, Yvonne M.; Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio; Gordon-Larsen, Penny; Grallert, Harald; Grant, Struan F. A.; Grarup, Niels; Griffiths, Lyn; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Haiman, Christopher; Hakonarson, Hakon; Hansen, Torben; Hartman, Catharina A.; Hattersley, Andrew T.; Hayward, Caroline; Heckbert, Susan R.; Heng, Chew-Kiat; Hengstenberg, Christian; Hewitt, Alex W.; Hishigaki, Haretsugu; Hoyng, Carel B.; Huang, Paul L.; Huang, Wei; Hunt, Steven C.; Hveem, Kristian; Hyppönen, Elina; Iacono, William G.; Ichihara, Sahoko; Ikram, M. Arfan; Isasi, Carmen R.; Jackson, Rebecca D.; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Jin, Zi-Bing; Jöckel, Karl-Heinz; Joshi, Peter K.; Jousilahti, Pekka; Jukema, J. Wouter; Kähönen, Mika; Kamatani, Yoichiro; Kang, Kui Dong; Kaprio, Jaakko; Kardia, Sharon L. R.; Karpe, Fredrik; Kato, Norihiro; Kee, Frank; Kessler, Thorsten; Khera, Amit V.; Khor, Chiea Chuen; Kiemeney, Lambertus A. L. M.; Kim, Bong-Jo; Kim, Eung Kweon; Kim, Hyung-Lae; Kirchhof, Paulus; Kivimaki, Mika; Koh, Woon-Puay; Koistinen, Heikki A.; Kolovou, Genovefa D.; Kooner, Jaspal S.; Kooperberg, Charles; Köttgen, Anna; Kovacs, Peter; Kraaijeveld, Adriaan; Kraft, Peter; Krauss, Ronald M.; Kumari, Meena; Kutalik, Zoltan; Laakso, Markku; Lange, Leslie A.; Langenberg, Claudia; Launer, Lenore J.; Le Marchand, Loic; Lee, Hyejin; Lee, Nanette R.; Lehtimäki, Terho; Li, Huaixing; Li, Liming; Lieb, Wolfgang; Lin, Xu; Lind, Lars; Linneberg, Allan; Liu, Ching-Ti; Liu, Jianjun; Loeffler, Markus; London, Barry; Lubitz, Steven A.; Lye, Stephen J.; Mackey, David A.; Mägi, Reedik; Magnusson, Patrik K. E.; Marcus, Gregory M.; Vidal, Pedro Marques; Martin, Nicholas G.; März, Winfried; Matsuda, Fumihiko; McGarrah, Robert W.; McGue, Matt; McKnight, Amy Jayne; Medland, Sarah E.; Mellström, Dan; Metspalu, Andres; Mitchell, Braxton D.; Mitchell, Paul; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O.; Morris, Andrew D.; Mucci, Lorelei A.; Munroe, Patricia B.; Nalls, Mike A.; Nazarian, Saman; Nelson, Amanda E.; Neville, Matt J.; Newton-Cheh, Christopher; Nielsen, Christopher Sivert; Nöthen, Markus M.; Ohlsson, Claes; Oldehinkel, Albertine J.; Orozco, Lorena; Pahkala, Katja; Pajukanta, Päivi; Palmer, Colin N. A.; Parra, Esteban J.; Pattaro, Cristian; Pedersen, Oluf; Pennell, Craig E.; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.; Perusse, Louis; Peters, Annette; Peyser, Patricia A.; Porteous, David J.; Posthuma, Danielle; Power, Chris; Pramstaller, Peter P.; Province, Michael A.; Qi, Qibin; Qu, Jia; Rader, Daniel J.; Raitakari, Olli T.; Ralhan, Sarju; Rallidis, Loukianos S.; Rao, Dabeeru C.; Redline, Susan; Reilly, Dermot F.; Reiner, Alexander P.; Rhee, Sang Youl; Ridker, Paul M.; Rienstra, Michiel; Ripatti, Samuli; Ritchie, Marylyn D.; Roden, Dan M.; Rosendaal, Frits Richard; Rotter, Jerome I.; Rudan, Igor; Rutters, Femke; Sabanayagam, Charumathi; Saleheen, Danish; Salomaa, Veikko; Samani, Nilesh J.; Sanghera, Dharambir K.; Sattar, Naveed; Schmidt, Börge; Schmidt, Helena; Schmidt, Reinhold; Schulze, Matthias B.; Schunkert, Heribert; Scott, Laura J.; Scott, Rodney J.; Sever, Peter; Shiroma, Eric J.; Shoemaker, M. Benjamin; Shu, Xiao-Ou; Simonsick, Eleanor M.; Sims, Mario; Singh, Jai Rup; Singleton, Andrew B.; Sinner, Moritz F.; Smith, J. Gustav; Snieder, Harold; Spector, Tim D.; Stampfer, Meir J.; Stark, Klaus J.; Strachan, David P.; ‘t Hart, Leen M.; Tabara, Yasuharu; Tang, Hua; Tardif, Jean-Claude; Thanaraj, Thangavel A.; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Tönjes, Anke; Tremblay, Angelo; Tuomi, Tiinamaija; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Tusié-Luna, Maria-Teresa; Uitterlinden, Andre G.; van Dam, Rob M.; van der Harst, Pim; Van der Velde, Nathalie; van Duijn, Cornelia M.; van Schoor, Natasja M.; Vitart, Veronique; Völker, Uwe; Vollenweider, Peter; Völzke, Henry; Wacher-Rodarte, Niels H.; Walker, Mark; Wang, Ya Xing; Wareham, Nicholas J.; Watanabe, Richard M.; Watkins, Hugh; Weir, David R.; Werge, Thomas M.; Widen, Elisabeth; Wilkens, Lynne R.; Willemsen, Gonneke; Willett, Walter C.; Wilson, James F.; Wong, Tien-Yin; Woo, Jeong-Taek; Wright, Alan F.; Wu, Jer-Yuarn; Xu, Huichun; Yajnik, Chittaranjan S.; Yokota, Mitsuhiro; Yuan, Jian-Min; Zeggini, Eleftheria; Zemel, Babette S.; Zheng, Wei; Zhu, Xiaofeng; Zmuda, Joseph M.; Zonderman, Alan B.; Zwart, John Anker Henrik; Partida, Gabriel Cuellar; Sun, Yan; Croteau-Chonka, Damien; Vonk, Judith M.; Chanock, Stephen; Le Marchand, Loic; Chasman, Daniel I.; Cho, Yoon Shin; Heid, Iris M.; McCarthy, Mark I.; Ng, Maggie C. Y.; O’Donnell, Christopher J.; Rivadeneira, Fernando; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur; Sun, Yan V.; Tai, E. Shyong; Boehnke, Michael; Deloukas, Panos; Justice, Anne E.; Lindgren, Cecilia M.; Loos, Ruth J. F.; Mohlke, Karen L.; North, Kari E.; Stefansson, Kari; Walters, Robin G.; Winkler, Thomas W.; Young, Kristin L.; Loh, Po-Ru; Yang, Jian; Esko, Tõnu; Assimes, Themistocles L.; Auton, Adam; Abecasis, Goncalo R.; Willer, Cristen J.; Locke, Adam E.; Berndt, Sonja I.; Lettre, Guillaume; Frayling, Timothy M.; Okada, Yukinori; Wood, Andrew R.; Visscher, Peter M.; Hirschhorn, Joel N. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are predicted to collectively explain 40–50% of phenotypic variation in human height, but identifying the specific variants and associated regions requires huge sample sizes1. ...
    • Vitamin B6 catabolism and lung cancer risk: Results from the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3) 

      Zuo, Hui; Ueland, Per Magne; Midttun, Øivind; Tell, Grethe S.; Fanidi, Anouar; Zheng, Wei; Shu, Xiao-Ou; Xiang, Yong-Bing; Wu, Jie; Prentice, Ross L.; Pettinger, Mary; Thomson, Cynthia A.; Giles, Graham G.; Hodge, Allison M.; Cai, Qiuyin; Blot, William J.; Johansson, Mikael B.; Hultdin, Johan; Grankvist, Kjell; Stevens, Victoria L.; McCullough, Marjorie L.; Weinstein, Stephanie J.; Albanes, Demetrius; Ziegler, Regina G.; Freedman, Neal David; Caporaso, Neil E.; Langhammer, Arnulf; Hveem, Kristian; Næss, Marit; Buring, Julie E.; Lee, I-Min; Gaziano, John Michael; Severi, Gianluca; Zhang, Xuehong; Stampfer, Meir Jonathan; Han, Jiali; Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne; Marchand, Loïc Le; Yuan, Jian-Min; Wang, Renwei; Koh, Woon-Puay; Gao, Yutang; Ericson, Ulrika C.; Visvanathan, Kala; Jones, Michael R.; Relton, Caroline Laura; Brennan, Paul J.; Johansson, Mattias; Ulvik, Arve (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019-03)
      Background Increased vitamin B6 catabolism related to inflammation, as measured by the PAr index (the ratio of 4-pyridoxic acid over the sum of pyridoxal and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate), has been positively associated with ...
    • Within-sibship genome-wide association analyses decrease bias in estimates of direct genetic effects 

      Howe, Laurence J.; Nivard, Michel G.; Morris, Tim T.; Hansen, Ailin Falkmo; Rasheed, Humaira; Cho, Yoonsu; Chittoor, Geetha; Ahlskog, Rafael; Lind, Penelope A.; Palviainen, Teemu; van der Zee, Matthijs D.; Cheesman, Rosa Catherine Gillespie; Mangino, Massimo; Wang, Yunzhang; Li, Shuai; Klaric, Lucija; Ratliff, Scott M.; Bielak, Lawrence F.; Nygaard, Marianne; Giannelis, Alexandros; Willoughby, Emily A.; Reynolds, Chandra A.; Balbona, Jared V.; Andreassen, Ole; Ask, Helga; Baras, Aris; Bauer, Christopher R.; Boomsma, Dorret I.; Campbell, Archie; Campbell, Harry; Chen, Zhengming; Christofidou, Paraskevi; Corfield, Elizabeth Claire; Dahm, Christina C.; Dokuru, Deepika R.; Evans, Luke M.; de Geus, Eco J. C.; Giddaluru, Sudheer; Gordon, Scott D.; Harden, K. Paige; Hill, W. David; Hughes, Amanda; Kerr, Shona M.; Kim, Yongkang; Kweon, Hyeokmoon; Latvala, Antti; Lawlor, Deborah A.; Li, Liming; Lin, Kuang; Magnus, Per Minor; Magnusson, Patrik K. E.; Mallard, Travis T.; Martikainen, Pekka; Mills, Melinda C.; Njølstad, Pål Rasmus; Overton, John D.; Pedersen, Nancy L.; Porteous, David J.; Reid, Jeffrey; Silventoinen, Karri; Southey, Melissa C.; Stoltenberg, Camilla; Tucker-Drob, Elliot M.; Wright, Margaret J.; Kweon, Hyeokmoon; Koellinger, Philipp D.; Benjamin, Daniel J.; Turley, Patrick; Howe, Laurence J.; Nivard, Michel G.; Morris, Tim T.; Plomin, Robert; Havdahl, Alexandra; Bartels, Meike; Martin, Nicholas G.; Oskarsson, Sven; Justice, Anne E.; Millwood, Iona Y.; Hveem, Kristian; Naess, Øyvind; Willer, Cristen J.; Åsvold, Bjørn Olav; Kaprio, Jaakko; Medland, Sarah E.; Walters, Robin G.; Evans, David M.; Smith, George Davey; Hayward, Caroline; Brumpton, Ben; Hemani, Gibran; Davies, Neil Martin; Hewitt, John K.; Keller, Matthew C.; Stallings, Michael C.; Lee, James J.; Christensen, Kaare; Kardia, Sharon L. R.; Peyser, Patricia A.; Smith, Jennifer A.; Wilson, James F.; Hopper, John L.; Hägg, Sara; Spector, Tim D.; Pingault, Jean-Baptiste; Næss, Øyvind Erik; Davey Smith, George; Brumpton, Ben Michael (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      Estimates from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of unrelated individuals capture effects of inherited variation (direct effects), demography (population stratification, assortative mating) and relatives (indirect ...