Browsing Bergen Open Research Archive by Author "Grewal, Harleen"
Now showing items 1-20 of 28
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A 2-Dose AERAS-402 Regimen Boosts CD8+ Polyfunctionality in HIV-Negative, BCG-Vaccinated Recipients
Sivakumaran, Dhanasekaran; Blatner, Gretta; Bakken, Rasmus; Hokey, David A.; Ritz, Christian; Jenum, Synne; Grewal, Harleen (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)Despite the widespread use of BCG, tuberculosis (TB) remains a global threat. Existing vaccine candidates in clinical trials are designed to replace or boost BCG which does not provide satisfying long-term protection. ... -
Added Value of IP-10 as a Read-Out of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Specific Immunity in Young Children
Jenum, Synne; Sivakumaran, Dhanasekaran; Ritz, Christian; Macaden, R; Doherty, TM; Grewal, Harleen; TB Trials Study, Group (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016)We have explored the added value of interferon-γ (IFNγ)– inducible protein 10 as a read-out of Mycobacterium tuberculosis–specific immunity in young Indian children, where the sensitivity of the IFNγ release assays for ... -
Approaching a diagnostic point-of-care test for pediatric tuberculosis through evaluation of immune biomarkers across the clinical disease spectrum
Jenum, Synne; Sivakumaran, Dhanasekaran; Lodha, Rakesh; Mukherjee, Aparna; Saini, Deepak Kumar; Singh, Sarman; Singh, Varinder; Medigeshi, Guruprasad; Haks, Marielle C.; Ottenhoff, Tom H.M.; Doherty, Timothy Mark; Kabra, Sushil K.; Ritz, Christian; Grewal, Harleen (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016-01-04)The World Health Organization (WHO) calls for an accurate, rapid, and simple point-of-care (POC) test for the diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) in order to make progress “Towards Zero Deaths”. Whereas the sensitivity ... -
BLR1 and FCGR1A transcripts in peripheral blood associate with the extent of intrathoracic tuberculosis in children and predict treatment outcome
Jenum, Synne; Bakken, Rasmus; Sivakumaran, Dhanasekaran; Mukherjee, Aparna; Lodha, Rakesh; Singh, Sarman; Singh, Varinder; Haks, Marielle C.; Ottenhoff, Tom H.M.; Kabra, Sushil K.; Doherty, Timothy Mark; Ritz, Christian; Grewal, Harleen (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016-12-12)Biomarkers reflecting the extent of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced pathology and normalization during anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) would considerably facilitate trials of new treatment regimens and the identification ... -
The changing spectrum of microbial aetiology of respiratory tract infections in hospitalized patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Serigstad, Sondre; Markussen, Dagfinn Lunde; Ritz, Christian; Ebbesen, Marit Helen; Knoop, Siri Tandberg; Kommedal, Øyvind; Heggelund, Lars; Ulvestad, Elling; Bjørneklett, Rune Oskar; Grewal, Harleen (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022-09-30)Background: The COVID-19 pandemic was met with strict containment measures. We hypothesized that societal infection control measures would impact the number of hospital admissions for respiratory tract infections, as well ... -
Comparison of rapid molecular testing methods for detecting respiratory viruses in emergency care: a prospective study
Markussen, Dagfinn Lunde; Grewal, Harleen; Knoop, Siri Tandberg; Serigstad, Sondre; Kommedal, Øyvind; Ebbesen, Marit Helen; Ulvestad, Elling; Bjørneklett, Rune Oskar (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)Background Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) caused by contagious viruses are common among patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Early detection of these viruses can help prevent nosocomial transmissio ... -
Comprehensive contact tracing during an outbreak of alpha-variant SARS-CoV-2 in a rural community reveals less viral genomic diversity and higher household secondary attack rates than expected
Sivertsen, Audun; Mortensen, Nicolay; Solem, Unni; Valen, Eivind; Bullita, Marie Francoise; Wensaas, Knut-Arne; Litleskare, Sverre; Rørtveit, Guri; Grewal, Harleen; Ulvestad, Elling (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2024)Sequencing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes throughout the COVID-19 pandemic has generated a wealth of data on viral evolution across populations, but only a few studies have so far ... -
The diagnostic utility of microscopic quality assessment of sputum samples in the era of rapid syndromic PCR testing
Markussen, Dagfinn Lunde; Ebbesen, Marit Helen; Serigstad, Sondre; Knoop, Siri Tandberg; Ritz, Christian; Bjørneklett, Rune Oskar; Kommedal, Øyvind; Jenum, Synne; Ulvestad, Elling; Grewal, Harleen (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)This prospective study assessed the value of initial microscopy evaluation of sputum samples submitted for rapid syndromic PCR-based testing. Bacterial detections by the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel plus in 126 high- ... -
Diagnostic utility of oropharyngeal swabs as an alternative to lower respiratory tract samples for PCR-based syndromic testing in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
Serigstad, Sondre; Knoop, Siri Tandberg; Markussen, Dagfinn Lunde; Ulvestad, Elling; Bjørneklett, Rune Oskar; Ebbesen, Marit Helen; Kommedal, Øyvind; Grewal, Harleen (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)Syndromic PCR-based analysis of lower respiratory tract (LRT) samples in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) improves the bacterial yield and time-to-results compared to culture-based methods. However, obtaining ... -
Effect of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria on Host Biomarkers Potentially Relevant for Tuberculosis Management.
Dhanasakeran, S.; Jenum, Synne; Stavrum, Ruth; Wiker, Harald G.; Kenneth, John; Vaz, Mario; Doherty, Tanya Mark; Grewal, Harleen (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2014-10-16)Background Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are different from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) both in their ubiquitous environmental distribution and in their reduced capacity to cause disease. While often neglected ... -
The frequencies of IFNγ+IL2+TNFα+ PPD-specific CD4+CD45RO+ T-cells correlate with the magnitude of the QuantiFERON® gold in-tube response in a prospective study of healthy Indian adolescents
Jenum, Synne; Grewal, Harleen; Hokey, David A.; Kenneth, John; Vaz, Mario; Doherty, Timothy Mark; Jahnsen, Frode Lars (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2014-07-03)Background: QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) is an IFNγ-release assay used in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. The risk of TB progression increases with the magnitude of the MTB-specific ... -
Host blood RNA transcript and protein signatures for sputum-independent diagnostics of tuberculosis in adults
Sivakumaran, Dhanasekaran; Ritz, Christian; Gjøen, John Espen; Vaz, Mario; Selvam, Sumithra; Ottenhoff, Tom H.M.; Doherty, Timothy Mark; Jenum, Synne; Grewal, Harleen (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)To achieve the ambitious targets for tuberculosis (TB) prevention, care, and control stated by the End TB Strategy, new health care strategies, diagnostic tools are warranted. Host-derived biosignatures are explored for ... -
Host blood-based biosignatures for subclinical TB and incipient TB: A prospective study of adult TB household contacts in Southern India
Sivakumaran, Dhanasekaran; Jenum, Synne; Srivastava, Aashish; Steen, Vidar Martin; Vaz, Mario; Doherty, Timothy Mark; Ritz, Christian; Grewal, Harleen (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023-01-11)A large proportion of the global tuberculosis (TB) burden is asymptomatic and not detectable by symptom-based screening, driving the TB epidemic through continued M. tuberculosis transmission. Currently, no validated tools ... -
Host Transcriptional Signatures Predict Etiology in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Potential Antibiotic Stewardship Tools
Siljan, William Ward; Sivakumaran, Dhanasekaran; Ritz, Christian; Jenum, Synne; Ottenhoff, Tom HM; Ulvestad, Elling; Holter, Jan Cato; Heggelund, Lars; Grewal, Harleen (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)Background: Current approaches for pathogen identification in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remain suboptimal, leaving most patients without a microbiological diagnosis. If better diagnostic tools were available for ... -
Identification of subclinical tuberculosis in household contacts using exposure scores and contact investigations
Bekken, Gry Klouman; Ritz, Christian; Selvam, Sumithra; Jesuraj, Nelson; Hesseling, Anneke; Doherty, T. Mark; Grewal, Harleen; Vaz, Mario; Jenum, Synne (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020-01-31)Background: The goal of tuberculosis elimination put forward in the End TB Strategy prioritizes diagnosis and treatment of incipient and subclinical TB, recently defined by key stakeholders as “asymptomatic, early pre-clinical ... -
Impact of rapid molecular testing on diagnosis, treatment and management of community-acquired pneumonia in Norway: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial (CAPNOR)
Serigstad, Sondre; Ritz, Christian; Faurholt-Jepsen, Daniel; Markussen, Dagfinn Lunde; Ebbesen, Marit Helen; Kommedal, Øyvind; Bjørneklett, Rune Oskar; Heggelund, Lars; Clark, Tristan W.; van Werkhoven, Cornelis H.; Knoop, Siri Tandberg; Ulvestad, Elling; Grewal, Harleen (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) causes a large burden of disease. Due to difficulties in obtaining representative respiratory samples and insensitive standard microbiological methods, the microbiological ... -
Improving Assignments for Therapeutic and Prophylactic Treatment Within TB Households. A Potential for Immuno-Diagnosis?
Sivakumaran, Dhanasekaran; Jenum, Synne; Ritz, Christian; Vaz, Mario; Doherty, Timothy Mark; Grewal, Harleen (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022-03-17)Delays in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) can lead to more severe disease and increased transmission. Contact investigation among household contacts (HHCs) of TB patients is crucial to ensure optimal ... -
Incidence of tuberculosis among school-going adolescents in South India
Uppada, Dharma R.; Selvam, Sumithra; Jesuraj, Nelson; Lau, Esther L.; Doherty, T. M.; Grewal, Harleen; Vaz, Mario; Lindtjørn, Bernt (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016-07-26)Background: Tuberculosis (TB) incidence data in vaccine target populations, particularly adolescents, are important for designing and powering vaccine clinical trials. Little is known about the incidence of tuberculosis ... -
Incidence of tuberculosis and the influence of surveillance strategy on tuberculosis case-finding and all-cause mortality: A cluster randomised trial in Indian neonates vaccinated with BCG
Jenum, Synne; Sumithra, Selvam; Nelson, Jesuraj; Christian, Ritz; Hesseling Anneke, C; Vicky, Cardenas; Esther, Lau; Mark, Doherty T; Grewal, Harleen; Mario, Vaz (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)Introduction: Accurate tuberculosis (TB) incidence and optimal surveillance strategies are pertinent to TB vaccine trial design. Infants are a targeted population for new TB vaccines, but data from India, with the highest ... -
Influence of Age and Nutritional Status on the Performance of the Tuberculin Skin Test and QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube in Young Children Evaluated for Tuberculosis in Southern India.
Jenum, Synne; Selvam, Sumithra; Mahelai, Diana; Jesuraj, Nelson; Cardenas, Vicky; Kenneth, John; Hesseling, Anneke C.; Doherty, Tanya Mark; Vaz, Mario; Grewal, Harleen (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2014-10)Background: Reliable identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection or tuberculosis (TB) disease in young children is vital to assure adequate preventive and curative treatment. The tuberculin skin test (TST) and ...