How do Icelandic National Authorities Implement Public Health Policies?
Master thesis
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Date
2023-11-20Metadata
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- Master theses [166]
Abstract
Island er et av de nordiske velferdstatene som er kjent for sine sjenerøse velferdstjenester, inntektsomfordeling og solidaritet. Som flere vestlige land står Island overfor folkehelseutfordringer som følger den sosiale helsegradienten, tross for det nordiske fokuset på sosial uliket. Formålet med denne studien var å innhente mer kunnskap om hvordan islandske nasjonale myndigheter implementerer folkehelsepolitikk og undersøke i hvilken grad deres politikk er knyttet til sosial ulikhet i helse. I tillegg ble det sett på i hvilken grad islandske myndigheter addresserer sosial ulikheter i helse og anvender «helse i alt vi gjør» tilnærmingen i sine tiltak. Dette er en kvalitativ studie som brukte en fenomenologisk tilnærming til å forstå informantene sine opplevelser av å jobbe med islandsk folkehelsepolitikk. Data ble samlet gjennom seks semistrukturerte intervjuer med informanter fra både nasjonalt og lokalt nivå. Tematisk analyse ble brukt som metode for dataanalysen. Funnene antyder at islandsk folkehelsepolitikk blir i liten grad implementert grunnet mangel på nødvendige ressurser. Informantente beskrev rekke barrierer som hemmet implementering og ønsket større grad av tverrsektorielt samarbeid innen folkehelse. Politisk vilje til å redusere sosiale helseforskjeller er også begrenset og «helse i alt vi gjør» tilnærmingen er i liten grad brukt til tross for regjeringens tidligere erklærte vilje om å anvende metoden i tidligere stortingsmeldinger. Gjeldene lovgivning legger ansvaret for folkehelsearbeid og helsefremming på Helsedirektoratet, som også er en tilsynmyndighet for helsesektoren. Nylig folkhelsepolitikk fokuserer i stor grad på å endre helseatferd og er ofte koblet mot helsesektoren. Iceland is one of the Nordic welfare states, which are known for their generous welfare services, income redistribution and solidarity. Like many other Western societies, Iceland faces public health challenges which are unequally distributed amongst the population, despite the Nordic emphasis on equalities. The aim of this study is to add knowledge to the literature about Icelandic authorities’ public health policy implementation. It also aims to find out to what extent Icelandic national authorities address social inequalities in health and apply “Health in All Policies” in their actions. This is a qualitative study where data were collected through six interviews with informants from both national and local levels. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a phenomenological approach and thematic analysis was used for the data analysis. The findings suggest a lack of political commitment to reducing health inequalities and that the “Health in All Policies” approach does not seem to be applied despite the government’s expressed interest of the approach in previous policy statements. The current legislation puts the legal responsibility of health promotion on the Directorate of Health, which also is a regulatory body for the health sector. The informants had limited resources for policy implementation and called for increased intersectoral collaboration in public health. Recent policies are mainly lifestyle oriented and linked to the health sector.Key words: Social inequalities in health, Health in All Policies, Iceland, health politics, social determinants of health, health promotion, Lippitt-Knoster Model of Complex Change.
Publisher
The University of BergenCopyright
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