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    • Sex differences in arterial hypertension 

      Gerdts, Eva; Sudano, Isabella; Brouwers, Sofie; Borghi, Claudio; Bruno, RM; Ceconi, Claudio; Cornelissen, Veronique; Dievart, Francois; Ferrini, Marc; Kahan, Thomas; Løchen, Maja-Lisa; Maas, Angela H.E.M.; Mahfoud, Felix; Mihailidou, Anastasia Susie; Moholdt, Trine; Parati, Gianfranco; de Simone, Giovanni (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      There is strong evidence that sex chromosomes and sex hormones influence blood pressure (BP) regulation, distribution of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and co-morbidities differentially in females and males with essential ...

    • Sex differences in childhood cancer risk among children with major birth defects: a Nordic population-based nested case-control study 

      Daltveit, Dagrun Slettebø; Klungsøyr, Kari; Engeland, Anders; Ekbom, Anders; Gissler, Mika; Glimelius, Ingrid; Grotmol, Tom; Madanat-Harjuoja, Laura; Ording, Anne Gulbech; Sørensen, Henrik Toft; Troisi, Rebecca; Bjørge, Tone (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      Background Childhood cancer is more common among children with birth defects, suggesting a common aetiology. Whether this association differs by sex is unclear. Methods We performed a population-based nested case-control ...

    • Sex differences in oncogenic mutational processes 

      Li, Constance H.; Prokopec, Stephenie D.; Sun, Ren X.; Yousif, Fouad; Schmitz, Nathaniel; Boutros, Paul C.; Aure, Miriam Ragle; Børresen-Dale, Anne-Lise; Langerød, Anita; Wright, Derek W.; Baumhoer, Daniel; Bjerkehagen, Bodil; Garred, Øystein; Lingjærde, Ole Christian; Sauer, Torill; Zaikova, Olga; Myklebost, Ola; Knappskog, Stian; Vazquez, Miguel; Van Loo, Peter (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Sex differences have been observed in multiple facets of cancer epidemiology, treatment and biology, and in most cancers outside the sex organs. Efforts to link these clinical differences to specific molecular features ...

    • Sex differences in parent–offspring recurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 

      Solberg, Berit Skretting; Hegvik, Tor-Arne; Halmøy, Anne; Skjaerven, Rolv; Engeland, Anders; Haavik, Jan; Klungsøyr, Kari (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder sharing genetic risk factors with other common psychiatric disorders. However, intergenerational recurrence ...

    • Sex differences in sleep and influence of the menstrual cycle on women’s sleep in junior endurance athletes 

      Hrozanova, Maria; Klöckner, Christian A.; Sandbakk, Øyvind; Pallesen, Ståle; Moen, Frode (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Previous research shows that female athletes sleep better according to objective parameters but report worse subjective sleep quality than male athletes. However, existing sleep studies did not investigate variations in ...

    • Sex differences in the early life stages of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) 

      Borchel, Andreas; Komisarczuk, Anna Zofia; Nilsen, Frank (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      Salmon lice are ectoparasites on salmonids and feed on blood, mucus, and skin from their hosts. This causes high annual costs for treatment and control for the aquaculture industry. Salmon lice have a life cycle consisting ...

    • Sex disparity in acute myeloid leukaemia with FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutations: implications for prognosis 

      Hellesøy, Monica; Engen, Caroline Benedicte Nitter; Grob, Tim; Löwenberg, Bob; Valk, Peter J. M.; Gjertsen, Bjørn T. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Incidence, molecular presentation and outcome of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) are influenced by sex, but little attention has been directed at untangling sex-related molecular and phenotypic differences between female and ...

    • Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability 

      Lagou, Vasiliki; Mägi, Reedik; Hottenga, Jouke- Jan; Grallert, Harald; Perry, John R. B.; Bouatia-Naji, Nabila; Marullo, Letizia; Rybin, Denis V.; Jansen, Rick; Min, JL; Dimas, AS; Ulrich, Anna; Zudina, Liudmila; Gådin, Jesper R.; Jiang, Longda; Faggian, Alessia; Bonnefond, Amélie; Fadista, Joao; Stathopoulou, Maria G.; Isaacs, Aaron; Willems, Sara M.; Navarro, Pau; Tanaka, Toshiko; Jackson, Anne U.; Montasser, May E.; O’Connell, Jeff R.; Bielak, Lawrence F.; Webster, Rebecca J.; Saxena, Richa; Stafford, Jeanette M.; Pourcain, Beate St; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Salo, Perttu; Shin, SY; Amin, Najaf; Smith, Albert V.; Li, G; Verweij, Niek; Goel, Anuj; Ford, Ian; Johnson, Paul C. D.; Johnson, Toby; Kapur, Karen; Thorleifsson, Gudmar; Strawbridge, Rona J.; Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J.; Esko, Tõnu; Mihailov, E; Fall, Tove; Fraser, Ross M; Mahajan, Anubha; Kanoni, Stavroula; Giedraitis, Vilmantas; Kleber, Marcus E.; Silbernagel, Günther; Meyer, Julia; Müller-Nurasyid, Martina; Ganna, Andrea; Sarin, Antti-Pekka; Yengo, Loic; Shungin, D; Luan, Jian’an; Horikoshi, Momoko; An, Ping; Sanna, Serena; Boettcher, Yvonne; Rayner, Nigel W; Nolte, Ilja M.; Zemunik, Tatijana; Iperen, Erik van; Kovacs, Peter; Hastie, Nicholas D.; Wild, Sarah H.; McLachlan, Stela; Campbell, Susan; Polasek, Ozren; Carlson, Olga; Egan, Josephine; Kiess, Wieland; Willemsen, Gonneke; Kuusisto, Johanna; Laakso, Markku; Dimitriou, M; Hicks, Andrew A.; Rauramaa, Rainer; Bandinelli, Stefania; Thorand, Barbara; Liu, Yongmei; Miljkovic, Iva; Lind, Lars; Doney, Alex; Perola, Markus; Hingorani, Aroon; Kivimaki, Mika; Kumari, Meena; Bennett, Amanda J.; Groves, Christopher J.; Herder, Christian; Koistinen, Heikki A.; Kinnunen, Leena; Faire, Ulf de; Bakker, Stephan J. L.; Uusitupa, Matti; Palmer, Colin N. A.; Jukema, J. Wouter; Sattar, Naveed; Pouta, Anneli; Snieder, Harold; Boerwinkle, Eric; Pankow, James S.; Magnusson, Patrik K.; Krus, Ulrika; Scapoli, Chiara; de Geus, Eco J. C. N.; Blüher, Matthias; Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R.; Province, Michael A.; Abecasis, Goncalo R.; Meigs, James B.; Hovingh, G. Kees; Lindström, Jaana; Wilson, JF; Wright, Alan F.; Dedoussis, George; Bornstein, Stefan R.; Schwarz, Peter E. H.; Tönjes, Anke; Winkelmann, Bernhard R.; Boehm, Bernhard O.; März, Winfried; Metspalu, Andres; Price, Jackie F.; Deloukas, Panos; Körner, Antje; Lakka, Timo A.; Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M.; Saaristo, Timo E.; Bergman, Richard N.; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Wareham, Nick; Langenberg, Claudia; Männistö, Satu; Franks, Paul W; Hayward, Caroline; Vitart, Veronique; Kaprio, Jaakko; Visvikis-Siest, Sophie; Balkau, Beverley; Altshuler, D; Rudan, Igor; Stumvoll, Michael; Campbell, Harry; van Duijn, Cornelia M.; Gieger, Christian; Illig, Thomas; Ferrucci, Luigi; Pedersen, Nancy L.; Pramstaller, Peter P.; Boehnke, Michael; Frayling, TM; Shuldiner, Alan R.; Peyser, Patricia A.; Kardia, Sharon L. R.; Palmer, Lyle J.; Penninx, Brenda W.; Meneton, Pierre; Harris, Tamara B.; Navis, Gerjan; Harst, Pim van der; Smith, George Davey; Forouhi, Nita G.; Loos, Ruth J. F.; Salomaa, Veikko; Soranzo, Nicole; Boomsma, Dorret I.; Groop, L; Tuomi, Tiinamaija; Hofman, Albert; Munroe, Patricia B.; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Siscovick, David S.; Watkins, Hugh; Lecoeur, Cecile; Vollenweider, Peter; Franco-Cereceda, Anders; Eriksson, Per; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Stefansson, Kari; Hamsten, Anders; Nicholson, George; Karpe, Fredrik; Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T.; Lindgren, Cecilia M.; McCarthy, Mark I.; Froguel, Philippe; Kaakinen, Marika A.; Lyssenko, Valeriya; Watanabe, Richard M.; Ingelsson, Erik; Florez, Jose C.; Dupuis, Josée; Barroso, I; Morris, Andrew P.; Prokopenko, Inga (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Differences between sexes contribute to variation in the levels of fasting glucose and insulin. Epidemiological studies established a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in men and impaired glucose tolerance in ...

    • Sex-Specific Associations between Blood Pressure and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation Subtypes in the Tromsø Study 

      Espnes, Hilde; Ball, Jocasta; Løchen, Maja-Lisa; Wilsgaard, Tom; Njølstad, Inger; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B; Gerdts, Eva; Sharashova, Ekaterina (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      The aim of this study was to explore sex-specific associations between systolic blood pressure (SBP), hypertension, and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) subtypes, including paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent ...

    • Sex-Specific Effect of Serum Lipids and Body Mass Index on Psychotic Symptoms, a Cross-Sectional Study of First-Episode Psychosis Patients 

      Gjerde, Priyanthi Borgen; Simonsen, Carmen Elisabeth; Lagerberg, Trine V.; Steen, Nils Eiel; Andreassen, Ole A.; Steen, Vidar M.; Melle, Ingrid (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Background: Schizophrenia is a disorder with considerable heterogeneity in course and outcomes, which is in part related to the patients' sex. Studies report a link between serum lipids, body mass index (BMI), and therapeutic ...

    • Sex-Specific Limitations in Physical Health in Primary Adrenal Insufficiency 

      Didriksen, Nora Møller; Sævik, Åse Bjorvatn; Sortland, Linn Solveig; Øksnes, Marianne; Husebye, Eystein Sverre (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Background: Patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) suffer reduced quality of life (QoL), but comparisons with large-scale normative data are scarce. The clinical characteristics associated with reduced QoL are ...

    • Sex-specific outcome disparities in very old patients admitted to intensive care medicine: a propensity matched analysis 

      Wernly, Bernhard; Bruno, Raphael Romano; Kelm, Malte; Boumendil, Ariane; Morandi, Alessandro; Andersen, Finn Husøy; Artigas, Antonio; Finazzi, Stefano; Cecconi, Maurizio; Christensen, Steffen; Faraldi, Loredana; Lichtenauer, Michael; Muessig, Johanna M.; Marsh, Brian; Moreno, Rui; Oeyen, Sandra; Öhman, Christina Agwald; Pinto, Bernadro Bollen; Soliman, Ivo W.; Szczeklik, Wojciech; Niederseer, David; Valentin, Andreas; Watson, Ximena; Leaver, Susannah; Boulanger, Carole; Walther, Sten; Schefold, Jörg C.; Joannidis, Michael; Nalapko, Yuriy; Elhadi, Muhammed; Fjølner, Jesper; Zafeiridis, Tilemachos; De Lange, Dylan W.; Guidet, Bertrand; Flaatten, Hans; Jung, Christian (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Female and male very elderly intensive patients (VIPs) might differ in characteristics and outcomes. We aimed to compare female versus male VIPs in a large, multinational collective of VIPs with regards to outcome and ...

    • Sex-specific responses in glucose-insulin homeostasis and lipoprotein-lipid components after high-dose supplementation with marine n-3 PUFAs in abdominal obesity: a randomized double-blind crossover study 

      Laupsa-Borge, Johnny; Grytten, Elise; Bohov, Pavol; Bjørndal, Bodil; Strand, Elin; SKORVE, JON; Nordrehaug, Jan Erik; Berge, Rolf Kristian; Rostrup, Espen; Mellgren, Gunnar; Dankel, Simon N; Nygård, Ottar Kjell (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)
      Background: Clinical studies on effects of marine-derived omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and the plant-derived omega-6 (n-6) PUFA ...

    • Sex-specific time trends in incident atrial fibrillation and the contribution of risk factors: the Tromsø Study 1994–2016 

      Sharashova, Ekaterina; Gerdts, Eva; Ball, Jocasta; Espnes, Hilde; Jacobsen, Bjarne K.; Kildal, Simon; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; Njølstad, Inger; Rosengren, Annika; Schirmer, Henrik; Wilsgaard, Tom; Løchen, Maja-Lisa (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)
      Aims To explore sex-specific time trends in atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence and to estimate the impact of changes in risk factor levels using individual participant-level data from the population-based Tromsø Study ...

    • Sex-specific treatment characteristics and 30-day mortality outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients over 70 years of age—results from the prospective COVIP study 

      Wolff, Georg; Wernly, Bernhard; Flaatten, Hans Kristian; Fjølner, Jesper; Bruno, Raphael Romano; Artigas, Antonio; Pinto, Bernardo Bollen; Schefold, Joerg C.; Kelm, Malte; Binneboessel, Stephan; Baldia, Philipp; Beil, Michael; Sivri, Sigal; van Heerden, Peter Vernon; Szczeklik, Wojciech; Elhadi, Muhammed; Joannidis, Michael; Oeyen, Sandra; Flamm, Maria; Zafeiridis, Tilemachos; Marsh, Brian; Andersen, Finn Husøy; Moreno, Rui; Boumendil, Ariane; De Lange, Dylan W.; Guidet, Bertrand; Leaver, Susannah; Jung, Christian (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      Purpose Older critically ill patients with COVID-19 have been the most vulnerable during the ongoing pandemic, with men being more prone to hospitalization and severe disease than women. We aimed to explore sex-specific ...

    • Sex/gender differences in the brain are not trivial—A commentary on Eliot et al. (2021) 

      Hirnstein, Marco; Hausmann, Markus (Journal article, 2021)
      In this commentary to the comprehensive review by Eliot et al. (2021), we fully comply with rejecting the ‘sexual dimorphism’ concept in its extreme, binary form. However, we criticise the authors’ extreme position and ...

    • Sex/Gender Differences in Verbal Fluency and Verbal-Episodic Memory: A Meta-Analysis 

      Hirnstein, Marco; Stuebs, Josephine; Moè, Angelica; Hausmann, Markus (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      Women are thought to fare better in verbal abilities, especially in verbal-fluency and verbal-memory tasks. However, the last meta-analysis on sex/gender differences in verbal fluency dates from 1988. Although verbal memory ...

    • Sexual dimorphism and phylogenetic position of Chilodendron (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) – a long isolated lineage endemic to Madagascar 

      Jordal, Bjarte Henry (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      Chilodendron Schedl, 1953 is resurrected as a valid genus based on Chilodendron planicolle Schedl, 1953. This is the only representative of the tribe Hylesinini Erichson, 1836 found on Madagascar and a molecular phylogenetic ...

    • Sexual dimorphism in selenium deficiency is associated with metabolic syndrome and prevalence of heart disease 

      Weening, Eerde H.; Al-Mubarak, Ali A.; Dokter, Martin M.; Dickstein, Kenneth; Lang, Chim C.; Ng, Leong L.; Metra, Marco; van Veldhuisen, Dirk J.; Touw, Daan J.; de Boer, Rudolf A.; Gansevoort, Ron T.; Voors, Adriaan A.; Bakker, Stephan J. L.; van der Meer, Peter; Bomer, Nils (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)
      Background Serum selenium levels have been associated with the incidence of heart failure (HF) and signs of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, notable differences have been reported between males and females in food ...

    • Sexual dimorphism in the familial aggregation of tinnitus 

      Trpchevska, Natalia; Bulla, Jan; Prada Hellberg, Matilda; Edvall, Niklas K.; Lazar, Andra; Mehraei, Golbarg; Uhlen, Inger; Schlee, Winfried; Canlon, Barbara; Gallus, Silvano; Lopez-Escamez, Jose Antonio; Cederroth, Christopher R (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020-11)
      Twin and adoption studies point towards a genetic contribution to tinnitus; however, how the genetic risk applies to different forms of tinnitus is poorly understood. Here, we perform a familial aggregation study and ...