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    • Early detection of anthropogenic climate change signals in the ocean interior 

      Tjiputra, Jerry; Negrel, Jean; Olsen, Are (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)
      Robust detection of anthropogenic climate change is crucial to: (i) improve our understanding of Earth system responses to external forcing, (ii) reduce uncertainty in future climate projections, and (iii) develop efficient ...

    • Early diagnosis is associated with improved clinical outcomes in benign esophageal perforation: an individual patient data meta‑analysis 

      Vermeulen, Bram D.; van der Leeden, Britt; Ali, Jawad T.; Gudbjartsson, Tomas; Hermansson, Michael; Low, Donald E.; Adler, Douglas G.; Botha, Abraham J.; D’Journo, Xavier B.; Eroglu, Atila; Ferri, Lorenzo E.; Gubler, Christoph; Haveman, Jan Willem; Kaman, Lileswar; Kozarek, Richard A.; Law, Simon; Loske, Gunnar; Lindenmann, Joerg; Park, Jung-Hoon; Richardson, J. David; Salminen, Paulina; Song, Ho-Yong; Søreide, Jon Arne; Spaander, Manon; Tarascio, Jeffrey N.; Tsai, Jon A.; Vanuytsel, Tim; Rosman, Camiel; Siersema, Peter D.; van der Bogt, Ruben D.; Birch, Madeleine; Dubose, Joseph J.; Fox, Sam; Jaklitsch, Michael T.; Kuppusamy, Madhan K.; Persson, Saga; Rice, Robert D.; Smolle, Josef; Smolle-Juettner, Freyja M.; Sudarshan, Monisha; Sutcliffe, Robert P.; Vidarsdottir, Halla; Viste, Asgaut (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Background Time of diagnosis (TOD) of benign esophageal perforation is regarded as an important risk factor for clinical outcome, although convincing evidence is lacking. The aim of this study is to assess whether time ...

    • Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer: Clinical Premonitions, Timely Precursor Detection and Increased Curative-Intent Surgery 

      Søreide, Kjetil; Ismail, Warsan; Roalsø, Marcus Thomas Thor; Ghotbi, Jacob; Zaharia, Claudia (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)
      Background: The overall poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer is related to late clinical detection. Early diagnosis remains a considerable challenge in pancreatic cancer. Unfortunately, the onset of clinical symptoms in ...

    • Early empirical antibiotics and adverse clinical outcomes in infants born very preterm: A population-based cohort 

      Vatne, Anlaug; Hapnes, Nina; Stensvold, Hans Jørgen; Dalen, Ingvild; Guthe, Hans Jørgen Timm; Støen, Ragnhild; Brigtsen, Anne Karin; Rønnestad, Arild Erland; Klingenberg, Claus Andreas (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between empirical antibiotic therapy in the first postnatal week in uninfected infants born very preterm and the risk of adverse outcomes until ...

    • Early Evolutionary Selection of NAD Biosynthesis Pathway in Bacteria 

      Sharma, Suraj; Hsieh, Yin-Chen; Dietze, Jørn; Bockwoldt, Mathias; Strømland, Øyvind; Ziegler, Mathias; Heiland, Ines (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      Bacteria use two alternative pathways to synthesize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from nicotinamide (Nam). A short, two-step route proceeds through nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) formation, whereas the other ...

    • Early Forms of α-Synuclein Pathology Are Associated with Neuronal Complex I Deficiency in the Substantia Nigra of Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease 

      Flønes, Irene Hana; Nyland, Harald Inge; Sandnes, Dagny Ann; Alves, Guido Werner; Tysnes, Ole-Bjørn; Tzoulis, Charalampos (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (iPD) is characterized by degeneration of the dopaminergic substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), typically in the presence of Lewy pathology (LP) and mitochondrial respiratory complex I (CI) ...

    • Early Gut Fungal and Bacterial Microbiota and Childhood Growth 

      Schei, Kasper; Simpson, Melanie Rae; Avershina, Ekaterina; Rudi, Knut; Øien, Torbjørn; Juliusson, Petur Benedikt; Underhill, David; Salamati, Saideh; Ødegård, Rønnaug (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Introduction: Childhood growth is a sensitive marker of health. Animal studies show increased height and weight velocity in the presence of fungal as well as antibiotic supplement in feed. Human studies on early gut ...

    • Early Holocene Temperature Oscillations Exceed Amplitude of Observed and Projected Warming in Svalbard Lakes 

      Bilt, Willem van der; D'Andrea, William J.; Werner, Johannes; Bakke, Jostein (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      Arctic climate is uniquely sensitive to ongoing warming. The feedbacks that drive this amplified response remain insufficiently quantified and misrepresented in model scenarios of future warming. Comparison with paleotemperature ...

    • Early human impacts and ecosystem reorganization in southern-central Africa 

      Thompson, Jessica; Wright, David K.; Ivory, Sarah J; Choi, Jeong-Heon; Nightingale, Sheila; Mackay, Alex; Schilt, Flora; Otarola-Castillo, Erik; Mercader, Julio; Forman, Steven L.; Pietsch, Timothy; Cohen, Andrew S.; Arrowsmith, J. Ramon; Welling, Menno; Davis, Jacob; Schiery, Benjamin; Kaliba, Potiphar; Malijani, Oris; Blome, Margaret W.; O'Driscoll, Corey A.; Mentzer, Susan M.; Miller, Christopher E.; Heo, Seoyoung; Choi, Jungyu; Tembo, Joseph; Mapemba, Fredrick; Simengwa, Davie; Gomani-Chindebvu, Elizabeth (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-05)
      Modern Homo sapiens engage in substantial ecosystem modification, but it is difficult to detect the origins or early consequences of these behaviors. Archaeological, geochronological, geomorphological, and paleoenvironmental ...

    • Early identification of treatment non-response in first-episode psychosis 

      Wold, Kristin Fjelnseth; Ottesen, Akiah; Flaaten, Camilla Bärthel; Johnsen, Erik; Lagerberg, Trine Vik; Romm, Kristin Lie; Simonsen, Carmen; Ueland, Torill; Widing, Line Hustad; Åsbø, Gina; Melle, Ingrid (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)
      Background Approximately one-third of patients with psychotic disorders does not respond to standard antipsychotic treatments. Consensus criteria for treatment resistance (TR) may aid the identification of non-response ...

    • Early indicators of disease progression in Fabry disease that may indicate the need for disease-specific treatment initiation: Findings from the opinion-based PREDICT-FD modified Delphi consensus initiative 

      Hughes, Derralynn A.; Aguiar, Patricio; Deegan, Patrick B; Ezgu, Fatih; Frustaci, Andrea; Lidove, Olivier; Linhart, Aleš; Lubanda, Jean-Claude; Moon, James C; Nicholls, Kathleen; Niu, Dau-Ming; Nowak, Albina; Ramaswami, Uma; Reisin, Ricardo; Rozenfeld, Paula; Schiffmann, Raphael; Svarstad, Einar; Thomas, Mark; Torra, Roser; Vujkovac, Bojan; Warnock, David G.; West, Michael L; Johnson, Jack; Rolfe, Mark J; Feriozzi, Sandro (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Objectives The PRoposing Early Disease Indicators for Clinical Tracking in Fabry Disease (PREDICT-FD) initiative aimed to reach consensus among a panel of global experts on early indicators of disease progression that may ...

    • Early Induction of Cross-Reactive CD8+ T-Cell Responses in Tonsils After Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccination in Children 

      Mohn, Kristin Greve-Isdahl; Brokstad, Karl Albert; Islam, Shahinul; Oftung, Fredrik; Tøndel, Camilla; Aarstad, Hans Jørgen; Cox, Rebecca Jane (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Background Live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) was licensed for prophylaxis of children 2–17 years old in Europe in 2012 and is administered as a nasal spray. Live-attenuated influenza vaccine induces both mucosal ...

    • Early life exposures contributing to accelerated lung function decline in adulthood – a follow-up study of 11,000 adults from the general population 

      Kirkeleit, Jorunn; Riise, Trond; Wielscher, Mathias; Accordini, Simone; Carsin, Anne-Elie; Dratva, Julie; Franklin, Karl A.; Garcia-Aymerich, Judith; Jarvis, Deborah; Leynaert, Benedicte; Lodge, Caroline J.; Gomez Real, Francisco; Schlünssen, Vivi; Corsico, Angelo Guido; Heinrich, Joachim; Holm, Matthias; Janson, Christer; Benediktsdóttir, Bryndís; Jogi, Rain; Dharmage, Shyamali C.; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Svanes, Cecilie (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)
      Background We aimed to assess whether exposure to risk factors in early life from conception to puberty continue to contribute to lung function decline later in life by using a pooled cohort comprising approx. 11,000 adults ...

    • Early life growth and associations with lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness at 11-years of age 

      Mikalsen, Ingvild Bruun; Halvorsen, Thomas; Juliusson, Pétur Benedikt; Magnus, Maria Christine; Nystad, Wenche; Stensrud, Trine; Størdal, Ketil; Vollsæter, Maria; Øymar, Knut Asbjørn Alexander (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Low birthweight and being born small-for-gestational age (SGA) are linked to asthma and impaired lung function. Particularly, poor intrauterine growth followed by rapid catch-up growth during childhood may predispose for ...

    • Early life growth is affecting timing of spawning in the semelparous Barents Sea capelin (Mallotus villosus) 

      Berg, Florian; Shirajee, Samina; Folkvord, Arild; Godiksen, Jane Aanestad; Skaret, Georg; Slotte, Aril (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Capelin (Mallotus villosus) is a forage fish and a key species in the Barents Sea (BS). The BS capelin are semelparous and hence only spawn once along the north coasts of Norway and Russia before they die. The age at ...

    • Early Maladaptive Schemas and Mental Disorders in Adulthood: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 

      Thimm, Jens; Chang, Michelle (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
      Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are broad and pervasive themes regarding oneself and one’s relationships with others originating from adverse childhood experiences. Although the concept of EMSs was initially developed for ...

    • Early manifestations of genetic risk for neurodevelopmental disorders 

      Askeland, Ragna Bugge; Hannigan, Laurie J.; Ask, Helga; Ayorech, Ziada; Tesli, Martin Steen; Corfield, Elizabeth; Magnus, Per Minor; Njølstad, Pål Rasmus; Andreassen, Ole A.; Smith, George Davey; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted; Havdahl, Alexandra (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (autism) and schizophrenia are highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting the lives of many individuals. It is important ...

    • Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19 

      Alexander, Jan; Tinkov, Alexey A.; Strand, Tor A; Alehagen, Urban; Skalny, Anatoly V.; Aaseth, Jan (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Objectives: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) conveys a serious threat globally to health and economy because of a lack of vaccines and specific treatments. A common factor for conditions that predispose for serious ...

    • Early pilgrimage traditions in South Asia 

      Jacobsen, Knut Axel (Chapter, 2021)
      This chapter looks at early history of pilgrimage in South Asia. Sacred sites that were believed to offer rewards to those who visited them have been a significant feature of South Asian religious traditions since at least ...

    • Early Puberty Is Associated With Higher Academic Achievement in Boys and Girls and Partially Explains Academic Sex Differences 

      Torvik, Fartein Ask; Flatø, Martin; McAdams, Tom A.; Colman, Ian; Silventoinen, Karri; Stoltenberg, Camilla (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-29)
      Purpose On average, boys have lower academic achievement than girls. We investigated whether the timing of puberty is associated with academic achievement, and whether later puberty among boys contributes to the sex ...