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Compensatory Development and Costs of Plasticity: Larval Responses to Desiccated Conspecifics

Sadeh, Asaf; Truskanov, Noa; Mangel, Marc; Blaustein, Leon
Peer reviewed, Journal article
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1956/5273
Date
2011-01-05
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  • Department of Biological Sciences [1306]
Original version
PLoS ONE 6(1): e15602   https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015602
Abstract
Understanding constraints on phenotypic plasticity is central to explaining its evolution and the evolution of phenotypes in general, yet there is an ongoing debate on the classification and relationships among types of constraints. Since plasticity is often a developmental process, studies that consider the ontogeny of traits and their developmental mechanisms are beneficial. We manipulated the timing and reliability of cues perceived by fire salamander larvae for the future desiccation of their ephemeral pools to determine whether flexibility in developmental rates is constrained to early ontogeny. We hypothesized that higher rates of development, and particularly compensation for contradictory cues, would incur greater endogenous costs. We found that larvae respond early in ontogeny to dried conspecifics as a cue for future desiccation, but can fully compensate for this response in case more reliable but contradictory cues are later perceived. Patterns of mortality suggested that endogenous costs may depend on instantaneous rates of development, and revealed asymmetrical costs of compensatory development between false positive and false negative early information. Based on the results, we suggest a simple model of costs of development that implies a tradeoff between production costs of plasticity and phenotypeenvironment mismatch costs, which may potentially underlie the phenomenon of ontogenetic windows constraining plasticity.
Publisher
Public Library of Science
Copyright
Copyright 2011 Sadeh et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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