• Low-energy electron ionization mass spectrometer for efficient detection of low mass species 

  Bergin, Matthew; Ward, David J.; Lambrick, Sam; von Jeinsen, N. A.; Holst, Bodil; Ellis, John; Jardine, Andrew P.; Allison, William (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)

  The design of a high-efficiency mass spectrometer is described, aimed at residual gas detection of low mass species using low-energy electron impact, with particular applications in helium atom microscopy and atomic or ...

• Anomalous Reconnection Layer at Earth’s Dayside Magnetopause 

  Paschmann, Goetz E.; Sonnerup, Bengt U.Ö.; Phan, Taiduc; Fuselier, Stephen Anthony; Håland, Stein Egil; Denton, Richard E.; Burch, James L.; Trattner, Karlheinz J.; Giles, Barbara L.; Gershman, Daniel J.; Cohen, Ian J.; Russell, Christopher T. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)

  Observations by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft (MMS) of an unusual layer, located between the dayside magnetosheath and the magnetosphere, alternating with encounters with the magnetosheath during an extended ...

• Quantifying the Lobe Reconnection Rate During Dominant IMF By Periods and Different Dipole Tilt Orientations 

  Reistad, Jone Peter; Laundal, Karl Magnus; Østgaard, Nikolai; Ohma, Anders; Burrell, Angeline G.; Hatch, Spencer Mark; Håland, Stein Egil; Thomas, Evan G. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)

  Lobe reconnection is usually thought to play an important role in geospace dynamics only when the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) is mainly northward. This is because the most common and unambiguous signature of lobe ...

• Prediction of Soft Proton Intensities in the Near-Earth Space Using Machine Learning 

  Kronberg, Elena A.; Hannan, Tanveer; Huthmacher, Jens; Münzer, Marcus; Peste, Florian; Zhou, Ziyang; Berrendorf, Max; Faerman, Evgeniy; Gastaldello, Fabio; Ghizzardi, Simona; Escoubet, Philippe; Haaland, Stein; Smirnov, Artem; Sivadas, Nithin; Allen, Robert C.; Tiengo, Andrea; Ilie, Raluca (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)

  The spatial distribution of energetic protons contributes to the understanding of magnetospheric dynamics. Based upon 17 yr of the Cluster/RAPID observations, we have derived machine-learning-based models to predict the ...

• 20 Years of Cluster Observations: The Magnetopause, 

  Håland, Stein Egil; Hasegawa, Hiroshi; Paschmann, G; Sonnerup, B. U. Ö.; Dunlop, M. W. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)

  The terrestrial magnetopause forms the boundary between the solar wind plasma with its embedded interplanetary magnetic field on one side, and the terrestrial magnetosphere, dominated by Earth's dipole field, on the other ...

• The Impact of Energetic Electron Precipitation on Mesospheric Hydroxyl Radical 

  Zawedde, Annet Eva (Doctoral thesis, 2018-12-12)

• Impacts of Ionospheric Ions on Magnetic Reconnection and Earth's Magnetosphere Dynamics 

  Toledo-Redondo, S; Andre, M; Aunai, N; Chappell, Charles Richard; Dargent, Jeremy; Fuselier, S.; Glocer, Alex; Graham, D. B.; Håland, Stein Egil; Hesse, M.; Kistler, L. M.; Lavraud, B.; Li, W.; Moore, T. E.; Tenfjord, Paul Arne Riksheim; Vines, S. K. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)

  Ionospheric ions (mainly H+, He+, and O+) escape from the ionosphere and populate the Earth's magnetosphere. Their thermal energies are usually low when they first escape the ionosphere, typically a few electron volt to ...

• Results of the Electron Drift Instrument on Cluster 

  Paschmann, G; Quinn, Jack M.; Torbert, R.B.; McIllwain, C; Vaith, H; Haaland, S.; Matsui, Hiroshi; Kletzing, Craig A.; Baumjohann, W; Haerendel, G (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)

  The electron drift instrument (EDI) on Cluster pioneered a new method of measuring electric fields, using a beam of electrons to sample the drift velocity over a km-scale gyro orbit. The technique is especially well suited ...

• A New Concept to Measure the Ambipolar Electric Field Driving Ionospheric Outflow 

  Li, Kun; Håland, Stein Egil; Wei, Yong (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)

  Over the last few decades, the role of ionospheric outflow for the loss of atmospheric constituents, as a plasma supplier to the magnetosphere and hence for the evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere has been recognized. A ...

• Heavy Metal and Rock in Space: Cluster RAPID Observations of Fe and Si 

  Håland, Stein Egil; Daly, Patrick W.; Vilenius, Esa (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)

  Metallic and silicate ions carry essential information about the evolution of the Earth and near-Earth small bodies. Despite this, there has so far been very little focus on ions with atomic masses higher than oxygen in ...

• Aspects of in situ angular scattering measurements in contrasting waters 

  Sandven, Håkon Johan (Doctoral thesis, 2022-01-28)

  Rapid changes are observed in oceanic and coastal environments around the world due to global temperatures increases, ocean acidification and changing weather patterns - anthropogenic climate change. These changes have ...

• Analysis of multiple scattering errors in LISST-VSF volume scattering function measurements using Monte Carlo simulations and experimental data 

  Ugulen, Håvard Stavn; Sandven, Håkon; Hamre, Børge; Kristoffersen, Arne Skodvin; Sætre, Camilla (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)

  A Monte Carlo algorithm has been developed to investigate the effects of multiple scattering on the volume scattering function measured by the LISST-VSF instrument. The developed algorithm is compared to experimental results ...

• Quantification of Cold-Ion Beams in a Magnetic Reconnection Jet 

  Li, Yu-Xuan; Li, Wen-Ya; Tang, Bin-Bin; Norgren, C.; He, Jian-Sen; Wang, Chi; Zong, Qiu-Gang; Toledo-Redondo, S.; André, M.; Chappell, C.; Dargent, J.; Fuselier, S.A.; Glocer, A.; Graham, D.B.; Haaland, S.; Kistler, L.; Lavraud, B.; Moore, T.E.; Tenfjord, P.; Vines, S.K.; Burch, J. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)

  Cold (few eV) ions of ionospheric origin are widely observed in the lobe region of Earth’s magnetotail and can enter the ion jet region after magnetic reconnection is triggered in the magnetotail. Here, we investigate a ...

• On the Presence and Thermalization of Cold Ions in the Exhaust of Antiparallel Symmetric Reconnection 

  Norgren, Astrid Elisabet Cecilia; Tenfjord, Paul Arne Riksheim; Hesse, Michael; Toledo-Redondo, Sergio; Li, Wenya; Xu, Yin; Kwagala, Norah Kaggwa; Spinnangr, Susanne Flø; Kolstø, Håkon Midthun; Moretto, Therese (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)

  Using fully kinetic 2.5 dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of anti-parallel symmetric magnetic reconnection, we investigate how initially cold ions are captured by the reconnection process, and how they evolve and ...

• Medium-induced radiative kernel with the Improved Opacity Expansion 

  Barata, João; Mehtar-Tani, Yacine; Soto-Ontoso, Alba; Tywoniuk, Konrad (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)

  We calculate the fully differential medium-induced radiative spectrum at next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy within the Improved Opacity Expansion (IOE) framework. This scheme allows us to gain analytical control of the ...

• Water shutoff and conformance improvement: an introduction 

  Seright, Randall S.; Brattekås, Bergit (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)

  This paper provides an introduction to the topic of water shutoff and conformance improvement. After indicating the volumes of water produced during oilfield operations, a strategy is provided for attacking excess water ...

• Material properties particularly suited to be measured with helium scattering: selected examples from 2D materials, van der Waals heterostructures, glassy materials, catalytic substrates, topological insulators and superconducting radio frequency materials 

  Holst, Bodil; Alexandrowicz, Gil; Avidor, Nadav; Benedek, Giorgio; Bracco, Gianangelo; Ernst, Wolfgang E.; Farias, Daniel; Jardine, Andrew P.; Lefmann, Kim; Manson, Joseph R.; Marquardt, Roberto; Artés, Salvador Miret; Sibener, Steven J.; Wells, Justin W; Tamtögl, Anton; Allison, William (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)

  Helium Atom Scattering (HAS) and Helium Spin-Echo scattering (HeSE), together helium scattering, are well established, but non-commercial surface science techniques. They are characterised by the beam inertness and very ...

• Signal estimation in on/off measurements including event-by-event variables 

  D'Amico, Giacomo; Terzić, T.; Strišković, J.; Doro, M.; Strzys, M.; van Scherpenberg, J. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)

  Signal estimation in the presence of background noise is a common problem in several scientific disciplines. An “on/off” measurement is performed when the background itself is not known, being estimated from a background ...

• In Vacuo Dispersion-Like Spectral Lags in Gamma-Ray Bursts 

  Amelino-Camelia, Giovanni; D'Amico, Giacomo; Fiore, Fabrizio; Puccetti, Simonetta; Ronco, Michele (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)

  Some recent studies exposed preliminary but rather intriguing statistical evidence of in vacuo dispersion-like spectral lags for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), a linear correlation between time of observation and energy of GRB ...

• Observations of sunlit N2+ aurora at high altitudes during the RENU2 flight 

  Ellingsen, Pål Gunnar; Lorentzen, Dag Arne; Kenward, David; Hecht, James H.; Evans, J. Scott; Sigernes, Fred; Lessard, Marc (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)

  We present measurements of sunlit aurora during the launch of the Rocket Experiment for Neutral Upwelling 2 (RENU2) on the 13 December 2015, 07:34 UTC. The in situ auroral conditions coincide with those of sunlit aurora ...

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