Browsing Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care by Subject "VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800"
Now showing items 1-20 of 90
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450K epigenome-wide scan identifies differential DNA methylation in newborns related to maternal smoking during pregnancy
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2012-10)Background: Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, due to in utero exposures may play a critical role in early programming for childhood and adult illness. Maternal smoking is a major risk factor for multiple ... -
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection in Childhood and Household Fuel Use in Bhaktapur, Nepal
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2013-05)Background: Globally, solid fuels are used by about 3 billion people for cooking. These fuels have been associated with many health effects, including acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children. Nepal has ... -
Antenatal HIV testing in rural eastern Uganda in 2003 : incomplete rollout of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV programme?
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2006-05-03)Background: Uganda began to implement the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV programme in 2000, and by the end of 2003 it had expanded to cover 38 of the 56 districts including Mbale District. However, ... -
Antihypertensive and lipid lowering treatment in 70–74 year old individuals – predictors for treatment and blood-pressure control : a population based survey. The Hordaland Health Study (HUSK)
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2006-10-19)Background: In an elderly, community based population we aimed at investigating antihypertensive and lipid lowering medication use in relation to own and familiar cardiovascular morbidity and diabetes mellitus, as well as ... -
Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial infections in urban and rural Tanzania
(Doctoral thesis, 2007-05-16)Infectious diseases cause one in every six deaths worldwide. Antimicrobial drugs have helped dramatically in curing patients suffering from bacterial infections. However, emerging antimicrobial resistance in bacteria ... -
Antiretroviral therapy at a district hospital in Ethiopia prevents death and tuberculosis in a cohort of HIV patients
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2006-04-07)Background: Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) reduces mortality in the developed world, it remains undocumented in resource-poor settings. We assessed the effect of HAART on patient mortality and ... -
Assessment of pain in patients with dementia. Development of a staff-administered behavioural pain assessment tool
(Doctoral thesis, 2008-06-12)Aims: The aim of this thesis is to develop a staff-administered behavioural pain assessment tool for older persons with dementia, to test the instrument with respect to reliability and validity, and to use it in the clinical ... -
Assfociations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with lower birth weight: An evaluation of potential confounding by glomerular filtration rate using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK)
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2015-12)Background: Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with lower birth weight in epidemiologic studies. This association could be attributable to glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is ... -
Bacteraemia among severely malnourished children infected and uninfected with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 in Kampala, Uganda
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2006-11-07)Background: To establish the magnitude of bacteraemia in severely malnourished children, and describe the types of bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity by HIV status. Method: Isolates were recovered from 76 blood specimens. ... -
Benzene exposure and hematological effects among offshore workers exposed to crude oil
(Doctoral thesis, 2007-05-04)Objective: The main objective of the study was to gain more knowledge about the exposure to benzene in the Norway’s offshore petroleum industry, its’ relation to effects on the hematological system and the risk of hematopoietic ... -
The challenge of improving the management of hospitalised children with severe acute malnutrition in Uganda
(Doctoral thesis, 2008-06-03)Millennium Development Goal (MDG) number 4 is to reduce the global mortality rate among under-fives by two thirds between 1990 and 2015. Efforts to prevent child deaths need to be stepped up in order to meet this target. ... -
Characterization of an amorphous deposit in the lamina propria in oral snuff users in the Sudan as collagen
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 1998-04)Histological and ultrastructural features of 25 oral snuff dipper's lesions with distinctive subepithelial hyaline deposits were investigated. Periodic acid-Schiff reaction with and without diastase digestion demonstrated ... -
Children with developmental problems and disorders : selected aspects of motor and multidisciplinary assessment and intervention
(Doctoral thesis, 2006-08-24)The general aim of this thesis was to apply a multidisciplinary approach to selected clinical aspects of children with developmental problems and disorders, in order to contribute to the development of assessment and ... -
Clinical and socio-behavioral correlates of tooth loss: a study of older adults in Tanzania
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2006-03-15)Background: Focusing 50 year olds and above, this study assessed the frequency, extent and correlates of tooth loss due to various reasons. Frequency and correlates of posterior occluding support was also investigated. ... -
Community based peer counsellors for support of exclusive breastfeeding: experiences from rural Uganda
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2006-10-20)Background: Universal exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months could reduce infant mortality by 13%. Although 99% women initiate breastfeeding in Uganda, exclusive breastfeeding rates remain low. Although peer ... -
Cost-effectiveness of medical interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in a sub-Saharan African country – the case of Tanzania
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2007-02-22)Background: There is a high and rising prevalence of cardiovascular risk in sub-Saharan Africa, a development typical for countries in epidemiological transition. Contrary to recommendations in treatment guidelines, medical ... -
Deprescribing antihypertensive treatment in nursing home patients and the effect on blood pressure
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018-04)Background: It is debatable whether treating multimorbid nursing home patients with antihypertensive drugs produces beneficial effects. Most cardiovascular guidelines promote treatment; few have advice on how to deprescribe ... -
Detection and molecular characterization of herpes simplex virus from Tanzania and Norway
(Doctoral thesis, 2006-12-22) -
Determinants of Treatment Adherence Among Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Southern Ethiopia
(PLoS Medicine 2007 4(2): e37, Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2007-02-13)Background: Defaulting from treatment remains a challenge for most tuberculosis control programmes. It may increase the risk of drug resistance, relapse, death, and prolonged infectiousness. The aim of this study was to ... -
Dietary predictors of plasma total homocysteine concentration in the Hordaland Homocysteine Study
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2007)Established dietary predictors of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) include folate, riboflavin, and vitamins B6 and B12, while information is scarce regarding other dietary components. The aim of this study was to examine ...