Vitamin D status and child health, growth, and neurodevelopment
Doctoral thesis

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https://hdl.handle.net/1956/23392Utgivelsesdato
2020-08-12Metadata
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Background: Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most commonly under diagnosed micronutrient deficiencies in the world. Both animal and human studies suggest that vitamin D plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunity, erythropoietin, and neurodevelopment, in addition to its osteoblastic activities. Objectives: To estimate the associations between vitamin D status in early childhood and i) acute lower respiratory tract infections, clinical pneumonia, diarrhea, anemia, neurodevelopment, and physical growth in early childhood; ii) neurodevelopment and physical growth in school age. Methods: We used data from a randomized placebo-controlled trial among 1000 North Indian children 6-30 months of age and a follow-up study conducted when the children were between 6-9 years. A quantitative electrochemiluminescence-binding assay was used to measure the plasma concentration of vitamin D. We used multivariable regressions to examine the association between vitamin D status and episodes of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs), clinical pneumonia, diarrhea, hemoglobin, anemia, neurodevelopment, and growth. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/mL) was 34.5% when the children were 6-30 months old. The risk of ALRIs (OR 1.26; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.55) and moderate anemia (RR 1.58; 95% CI: 1.09 to 2.31) was significantly higher among vitamin D deficient children than among non-deficient children. There were no significant differences in any of the cognitive outcomes and linear growth between vitamin D deficient and non-deficient children either during early childhood or at school age. Conclusions: Our results imply that vitamin D is one of the critical micronutrients for the prevention of ALRIs and anemia during early childhood, but it has a negligible role in neurodevelopment and growth in this population. Consequences: The protective role of vitamin D on ALRIs and anemia needs to be confirmed in randomized controlled trials targeting vitamin D deficient children.
Består av
Paper I: Chowdhury R, Taneja S, Bhandari N, Sinha B, Upadhyay RP, Bhan M, Strand TA. Vitamin D deficiency predicts infections in Young North Indian Children: a secondary data analysis. PLOS ONE 2017;12(3):e0170509. The article is available in the main thesis. The article is also available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170509Paper II: Chowdhury R, Taneja S, Bhandari N, Strand TA, Bhan MK. Vitamin D deficiency, and mild to moderate anemia in young North Indian children: a secondary data analysis. Nutrition 2019;57:63-68. The article is available in the main thesis. The article is also available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2018.05.034
Paper III: Chowdhury R, Taneja S, Bhandari N, Kvestad I, Strand TA, Bhan MK. Vitamin D status, and neurodevelopment, and growth in young North Indian children: a secondary data analysis. Nutrition Journal 2017;16:59. The article is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/1956/18039
Paper IV: Chowdhury R, Taneja S, Kvestad I, Hysing M, Bhandari N, Strand TA. Vitamin D status in early childhood is not associated with cognitive development, and linear growth at 6-9 years of age in North Indian Children: a cohort study. Nutrition Journal 2020;19:14. The article is available in the main thesis. The article is also available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-020-00530-2