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dc.contributor.authorEggestøl, Håvard Øritsland
dc.contributor.authorLunde, Harald Sæbø
dc.contributor.authorKnutsen, Tim Martin
dc.contributor.authorHaugland, Gyri Teien
dc.date.accessioned2021-07-08T11:47:21Z
dc.date.available2021-07-08T11:47:21Z
dc.date.created2020-04-02T16:48:15Z
dc.date.issued2020-04-02
dc.identifier.issn1664-3224
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2763937
dc.description.abstractThe interleukin (IL)-1 family play a fundamental role as immune system modulators. Our previous transcriptome-analyses of leukocytes from lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) showed that IL-1β was among the most highly upregulated genes following bacterial exposure. In the present study, we characterized IL-1 signaling pathways, identified and characterized four ligands of the IL-1 family in lumpfish; IL-1β type I and type II, IL-18, and the novel IL-1 family members (nIL-1F), both at mRNA and gene levels. The two IL-1β in lumpfish is termed IL-1β1 (type II) and IL-1β2 (type I). Furthermore, a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of 277 IL-1 ligands showed that nIL-1F, in common with IL-1β, likely represents an ancestral gene, as representatives for nIL-1F were found in cartilaginous and lobe-finned fish, in addition to teleosts. This shows that nIL-1F is not exclusively present in teleosts as previously suggested. Our analyses of exon-intron structures, intron phases, phylogeny and synteny clearly show the separation of IL-1β into groups; type I and type II, which likely is a result of the third whole genome duplication (3R WGD). The phylogenetic analysis shows that most teleosts have both type I and type II. Furthermore, we have determined transcription levels of the IL-1 ligands in leukocytes and 16 different tissues, and their responses upon in vitro stimulation with seven different ligands. In addition, we have identified the IL-1 receptors IL-1R1, IL-1R2, IL-1R4 (ST2/IL-33 receptor/IL-1RL), IL-1R5 (IL-18R1), and partial sequences of DIGIRR and IL-1R3 (IL-RAcP). Identification of immune molecules and description of innate responses in lumpfish is interesting for comparative and evolutionary studies and our study constitutes a solid basis for further functional analyses of IL-1 ligands and receptors in lumpfish. Furthermore, since lumpfish are now farmed in large numbers to be used as cleaner fish for removal of sea lice on farmed salmon, in-depth knowledge of key immune molecules, signaling pathways and innate immune responses is needed, as the basis for design of efficient immune prophylactic measures such as vaccination.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherFrontiersen_US
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleInterleukin-1 ligands and receptors in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.): molecular characterization, phylogeny, gene expression and transcriptome analysesen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright the authorsen_US
dc.source.articlenumber502en_US
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00502
dc.identifier.cristin1805056
dc.source.journalFrontiers in Immunologyen_US
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 244148en_US
dc.identifier.citationFrontiers in Immunology. 2020, 11, 502.en_US
dc.source.volume11en_US


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