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dc.contributor.authorThaulow, Christian Magnus
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-08T08:47:13Z
dc.date.available2022-11-08T08:47:13Z
dc.date.issued2022-11-22
dc.date.submitted2022-10-03T23:32:55.439Z
dc.identifiercontainer/77/a6/f5/14/77a6f514-5326-41c3-8ac1-01b80e3d17ab
dc.identifier.isbn9788230846087
dc.identifier.isbn9788230848319
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/3030559
dc.description.abstractBakgrunn: Rasjonell antibiotikabruk blant barn er essensielt for å unngå økende antibiotikaresistens samt forstyrrelser i deres normale bakterieflora. Formål: Hensikten med dette prosjektet var å tilegne oss en bedre forståelse av mønster i antibiotikabruk blant norske barn innlagt i sykehus, både under innleggelsen, samt før og etter innleggelsen. Vi ønsket gjennom dette finne fokusområder for framtidig antibiotikastyring for barnepopulasjonen. Metode: Vi gjennomførte registreringer av antibiotikabruk i 2017 ved et distriktssykehus og et universitetssykehus. Kohorten av barn fra distriktssykehuset ble koblet mot Reseptregisteret og vi registrerte utleverte antibiotikaresepter et år før og et år etter innleggelsen. Gjennom Folkeregisteret etablerte vi en matchet kontrollgruppe. Resultater: For barn etter nyfødtperioden (N=238) fant vi at etterlevelsen av retningslinjene for antibiotikabruk var 72%, og at 21% av behandlingene involverte bredspektret antibiotika, hvorav 68% ble gitt til barn med komorbid sykdom. Vi fant store forskjeller i dosering innad og mellom sykehusene, samt i andel behandlinger som ble gitt for lungebetennelse. For nyfødte (N=184) fant vi at 82% av 121 behandlinger mot mistenkt tidlig sepsis blant de med gestasjonsalder på minst 28 uker ble gitt mot ubekreftede infeksjoner med en gjennomsnittlig behandlingslengde på 3.1 dager. Hos barn eldre enn tre måneder fant vi en relativ risiko for antibiotika-eksponering på 2.9 (95% konfidensintervall 2.4-3.5) gjennom året før sykehus-innleggelsen og 2.8 (2.3-3.3) året etter sykehusinnleggelsen, sammenlignet med kontrollgruppen. Hos spedbarn yngre enn tre måneder fant vi en relativ risiko for antibiotikaeksponering på 1.7 (1.1-2.5) gjennom året etter sykehusinnleggelsen, sammenlignet med kontrollgruppen. Komorbiditets-justering førte til noe lavere relativ risiko i alle analysene. Konklusjon og fortolkning: Vi avdekket områder som krever videre oppmerksomhet slik som den høye andelen av ubekreftede infeksjoner blant nyfødte, bruk av bredspektret antibiotika blant barn med komorbid sykdom, behandling av lungebetennelse og dosering av antibiotika. Både barn og spedbarn som hadde fått antibiotika i sykehus hadde høyere risiko for å få resept utenfor sykehus.en_US
dc.description.abstractBackground: Appropriate antibiotic use in children is crucial in preventing antimicrobial resistance and to avoid disturbances of the microbiome. Objectives: The aim was to develop an understanding of main aspects of antibiotic use pattern in Norwegian hospitalised children, both during hospitalisation, and before and after hospitalisation, and to identify focus areas for antibiotic stewardship. Methods: We conducted period registrations of antibiotic use in 2017 in a district hospital and in a university hospital. The cohort of children from the district hospital was linked to the Norwegian Prescription Registry; ambulatory antibiotic use in these children were collected one year before and one year after hospitalisation. Through the Norwegian Population Registry, we established a matched reference group. Results: For children after the neonatal period (N=238), we found that total adherence rate to the antibiotic guideline was 72%, and 21% of treatments involved broad-spectrum antibiotics, whereof 68% were given to children with comorbidities. We found wide differences in dosing within and between the hospitals, and in the proportion of treatments for pneumonia. For neonates (N=184), we found that 82% of 121 treatments for suspected early-onset sepsis in those with gestational age of at least 28 weeks were given for unconfirmed infections, with an average treatment length of 3.1 days. In children more than three months, the relative risk of antibiotic exposure before hospitalisation was 2.9 (95% confidence interval 2.4-3.5) during the year before hospitalisation and 2.8 (2.3-3.3) during the year after hospitalisation compared to the reference group. In infants less than three months, the relative risk of antibiotic exposure was 1.7 (1.1-2.5) during the year after hospitalisation compared to the reference group. Comorbidity adjustment led to a slightly lower relative risk. Conclusions and implications: We found areas requiring further attention, such as the high proportion of unconfirmed infections in neonates, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in children with comorbidities, treatments for pneumonia and antibiotic dosing. Both children and infants who had received antibiotics in-hospital had higher risk of receiving antibiotics in ambulatory care, an aspect that should be considered when monitoring antibiotic use in the future.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherThe University of Bergenen_US
dc.relation.haspartPaper 1: Thaulow CM, Blix HS, Eriksen BH, Ask I, Myklebust TÅ and Berild D. Using a period incidence survey to compare antibiotic use in children between a university hospital and a district hospital in a country with low antimicrobial resistance: a prospective observational study. BMJ Open. 2019; 9:e027836. The article is available in the thesis file. The article is also available at: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027836" target="blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027836</a>en_US
dc.relation.haspartPaper 2: Thaulow CM, Berild D, Blix HS, Brigtsen AK, Myklebust TÅ and Eriksen BH. Can We Optimize Antibiotic Use in Norwegian Neonates? A Prospective Comparison Between a University Hospital and a District Hospital. Front. Pediatr. 2019; 7:440. The article is available at: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/1956/21527" target="blank">https://hdl.handle.net/1956/21527</a>en_US
dc.relation.haspartPaper 3: Thaulow CM, Blix HS, Nilsen RM, Eriksen BH, Wathne JS, Berild D, Harthug S. Antibiotic use in children before, during and after hospitalisation. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022; 31(7): 749-757. The article is available at: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3010352" target="blank">https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3010352</a>en_US
dc.relation.haspartPaper 4: Thaulow CM, Harthug S, Nilsen RM, Eriksen BH, Wathne JS, Berild D, Blix HS. Are infants exposed to antimicrobials during the first 3 months of life at increased risk of recurrent use? An explorative data-linkage study. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2022; 77(5): 1468–1475. The article is available at: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3030557" target="blank">https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3030557</a>en_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC). This item's rights statement or license does not apply to the included articles in the thesis.
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.titleAntibiotic Use in a Cohort of Norwegian Children and Neonates Before, During and After Hospitalisation : Exploring focus areas for antibiotic stewardshipen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.date.updated2022-10-03T23:32:55.439Z
dc.rights.holderCopyright the Author.en_US
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1965-3410
dc.description.degreeDoktorgradsavhandling
fs.unitcode13-25-0


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Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC). This item's rights statement or license does not apply to the included articles in the thesis.
Med mindre annet er angitt, så er denne innførselen lisensiert som Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC). This item's rights statement or license does not apply to the included articles in the thesis.