The sense of coherence among Ukrainian refugees, and their experiences of social support and language learning in Norway

Abstract

In March 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, prompting a mass influx of refugees across Europe, with many seeking refuge in Norway under collective temporary protection. This study uses the theoretical framework of Salutogenesis and its Sense of Coherence concept to explore how Ukrainian refugees experience social support in Norway and how they cope with stressors related to language learning in a homogenous group as temporary refugees. This qualitative, interpretive phenomenological study is based on six semi-structured individual interviews with Ukrainian refugees aged 27-57 years old who have lived in Norway for over a year. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify codes and themes, and to analyse the data. The findings reveal numerous stressors related to refugee status, including language learning, formal social support, informal social networks, family, cultural differences, and challenges entering the labor market. The stress of temporary protection impacted participants' motivation to cope with these stressors. Language learning in a homogenous environment was challenging for some but beneficial for networking for others. While the study cannot conclude on the long-term impacts of temporary protection on social integration and coping mechanisms due to its limited scope and duration, it offers valuable insights into the immediate experiences of Ukrainian refugees in Norway. The importance of tailored social support and language learning programs to enhance integration and well-being is emphasized. Further research is needed.