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dc.contributor.authorAamodt, Håvarden_US
dc.contributor.authorMohn, Stein Christianen_US
dc.contributor.authorMaselle, Samuel Yen_US
dc.contributor.authorManji, Karim P.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWillems, Roben_US
dc.contributor.authorJureen, Rolanden_US
dc.contributor.authorLangeland, Ninaen_US
dc.contributor.authorBlomberg, Bjørnen_US
dc.date.accessioned2015-12-28T11:04:06Z
dc.date.available2015-12-28T11:04:06Z
dc.date.issued2015-02-28
dc.PublishedBMC Infectious Diseases 2015, 15:107eng
dc.identifier.issn1471-2334
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1956/10823
dc.description.abstractBackground While enterococci resistant to multiple antimicrobials are spreading in hospitals worldwide, causing urinary tract, wound and bloodstream infections, there is little published data on these infections from Africa. Methods We assessed the prevalence, susceptibility patterns, clinical outcome and genetic relatedness of enterococcal isolates causing bloodstream infections in children in a tertiary hospital in Tanzania, as part of a prospective cohort study of bloodstream infections among 1828 febrile children admitted consecutively from August 2001 to August 2002. Results Enterococcal bacteraemia was identified in 2.1% (39/1828) of admissions, and in 15.3% (39/255) of cases of culture-confirmed bloodstream infections. The case-fatality rate in children with Enterococcus faecalis septicaemia (28.6%, 4/14) was not significantly different from those with Enterococcus faecium septicaemia (6.7%, 1/15, p = 0.12). E. faecium isolates commonly had combined ampicillin-resistance and high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR), (9/17), while E. faecalis frequently displayed HLGR (6/15), but were ampicillin susceptible. None of the tested enterococcal isolates displayed vancomycin resistance by Etest or PCR for vanA and vanB genes. Multi-locus sequence-typing (MLST) showed that the majority of E. faecium (7/12) belonged to the hospital associated Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure (BAPS) group 3–3. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) indicated close genetic relationship particularly among E. faecium isolates, but also among E. faecalis isolates. There was also correlation between BAPS group and PFGE results. Risk factors for enterococcal bloodstream infection in univariate analysis were hospital-acquired infection and clinical diagnosis of sepsis with unknown focus. In multivariate analysis, neonates in general were relatively protected from enterococcal infection, while both prematurity and clinical sepsis were risk factors. Malnutrition was a risk factor for enterococcal bloodstream infection among HIV negative children. Conclusion This is the first study to describe bloodstream infections caused by ampicillin-resistant HLGR E. faecium and HLGR E. faecalis in Tanzania. The isolates of E. faecium and E. faecalis, respectively, showed high degrees of relatedness by genotyping using PFGE. The commonly used treatment regimens at the hospital are insufficient for infections caused by these microbes. The study results call for increased access to microbiological diagnostics to guide rational antibiotic use in Tanzania.en_US
dc.language.isoengeng
dc.publisherBioMed Centraleng
dc.rightsAttribution CC BYeng
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0eng
dc.titleGenetic relatedness and risk factor analysis of ampicillin-resistant and high-level gentamicin-resistant enterococci causing bloodstream infections in Tanzanian childrenen_US
dc.typePeer reviewed
dc.typeJournal article
dc.date.updated2015-11-05T10:47:12Z
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright Aamodt et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-0845-8
dc.identifier.cristin1275733
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Medisinske fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Tropemedisin: 761
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Midical sciences: 700::Clinical medical sciences: 750::Tropical medicine: 761
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Medisinske Fag: 700en_US


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