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dc.contributor.authorNurk, Ehaen_US
dc.contributor.authorRefsum, Helgaen_US
dc.contributor.authorBjelland, Ingvaren_US
dc.contributor.authorDrevon, Christian Aen_US
dc.contributor.authorTell, Grethe Sen_US
dc.contributor.authorUeland, Per Magneen_US
dc.contributor.authorVollset, Stein Emilen_US
dc.contributor.authorEngedal, Knut Arneen_US
dc.contributor.authorNygaard, Harald A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSmith, David Aen_US
dc.date.accessioned2017-09-19T09:45:56Z
dc.date.available2017-09-19T09:45:56Z
dc.date.issued2013-02
dc.PublishedNurk E, Refsum H, Bjelland I, Drevon CA, Tell GS, Ueland PM, Vollset SE, Engedal KA, Nygaard HA, Smith DA. Plasma free choline, betaine and cognitive performance: the Hordaland Health Study. British Journal of Nutrition. 2013;109(3):511-519eng
dc.identifier.issn0007-1145
dc.identifier.issn1475-2662
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1956/16664
dc.description.abstractCholine and betaine are nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism. Choline is essential for neurodevelopment and brain function. We studied the associations between cognitive function and plasma concentrations of free choline and betaine. In a cross-sectional study, 2195 subjects (55 % women), aged 70–74 years, underwent extensive cognitive testing including the Kendrick Object Learning Test (KOLT), Trail Making Test (part A, TMT-A), modified versions of the Digit Symbol Test (m-DST), Block Design (m-BD), Mini-Mental State Examination (m-MMSE) and Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT). Compared with low concentrations, high choline (>8·4 μmol/l) was associated with better test scores in the TMT-A (56·0 v. 61·5, P= 0·004), m-DST (10·5 v. 9·8, P= 0·005) and m-MMSE (11·5 v. 11·4, P= 0·01). A generalised additive regression model showed a positive dose–response relationship between the m-MMSE and choline (P= 0·012 from a corresponding linear regression model). Betaine was associated with the KOLT, TMT-A and COWAT, but after adjustments for potential confounders, the associations lost significance. Risk ratios (RR) for poor test performance roughly tripled when low choline was combined with either low plasma vitamin B12 ( ≤ 257 pmol/l) concentrations (RRKOLT= 2·6, 95 % CI 1·1, 6·1; RRm-MMSE= 2·7, 95 % CI 1·1, 6·6; RRCOWAT= 3·1, 95 % CI 1·4, 7·2) or high methylmalonic acid (MMA) ( ≥ 3·95 μmol/l) concentrations (RRm-BD= 2·8, 95 % CI 1·3, 6·1). Low betaine ( ≤ 31·1 μmol/l) combined with high MMA was associated with elevated RR on KOLT (RRKOLT= 2·5, 95 % CI 1·0, 6·2). Low plasma free choline concentrations are associated with poor cognitive performance. There were significant interactions between low choline or betaine and low vitamin B12 or high MMA on cognitive performance.en_US
dc.language.isoengeng
dc.publisherCambridge University Presseng
dc.subjectCognitive performanceeng
dc.subjectPlasma free cholineeng
dc.subjectPlasma betaineeng
dc.titlePlasma free choline, betaine and cognitive performance: the Hordaland Health Studyen_US
dc.typePeer reviewed
dc.typeJournal article
dc.date.updated2017-08-15T14:59:31Z
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright The Authors 2012
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512001249
dc.identifier.cristin973423
dc.source.journalBritish Journal of Nutrition
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 197195
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Medisinske fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Ernæring: 811
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Midical sciences: 700::Health sciences: 800::Nutrition: 811
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Medisinske fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Geriatri: 778
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Midical sciences: 700::Clinical medical sciences: 750::Geriatrics: 778


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