Detection, attribution and understanding of temperature changes in the high northern latitudes depend on constraining uncertainties and resolving apparent discrepancies in observational data sets. We quantitatively compare ...

Heavy precipitation at the west coast of Norway is often connected to elongated meridional structures of high integrated water vapour transport known as atmospheric rivers (ARs). Here we present high-resolution measurements ...

Based on the ERA5-Land datasets from 1981–2020, a decadal oscillation has been found in the variation of summer runoff in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin (MLYRB). The oscillation suggests that the ...

Latent cooling by evaporating or melting hydrometeors has recently been shown to contribute to the positive low-level potential vorticity (PV) anomaly below the layer of latent heating in midlatitude cyclones. While the ...

Fresh Arctic waters flowing into the Atlantic are thought to have two primary fates. They may be mixed into the deep ocean as part of the overturning circulation, or flow alongside regions of deep water formation without ...

The most famous ocean current, the Gulf Stream, is part of a large system of currents that brings warm water from Florida to Europe. It is a main reason for northwestern Europe’s mild climate. What happens to the warm water ...

The super-resolution data assimilation (SRDA) enhances a low-resolution (LR) model with a Neural Network (NN) that has learned the differences between high and low-resolution models offline and performs data assimilation ...

Ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea are thinning rapidly as ocean currents bring warm water into the cavities beneath the floating ice. Although the reported melt rates for the Getz Ice Shelf are comparatively low for the ...