Browsing Faculty of Medicine by Subject "HIV"
Now showing items 1-20 of 23
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Adenosine Deaminase Activity Is a Sensitive Marker for the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Pleuritis in Patients with Very Low CD4 Counts
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2008-07-30)Background: Adenosine Deaminase Activity (ADA) is a commonly used marker for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion. There has been concern about its usefulness in immunocompromised patients, especially HIV positive ... -
CD4 lymphocyte dynamics in Tanzanian pulmonary tuberculosis patients with and without hiv co-infection
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2012-03-21)Background: The interaction of HIV and tuberculosis (TB) on CD4 levels over time is complex and has been divergently reported. Methods: CD4 counts were assessed from time of diagnosis till the end of TB treatment in a ... -
A comparison of sexual risk behaviours and HIV seroprevalence among circumcised and uncircumcised men before and after implementation of the safe male circumcision programme in Uganda
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016-01-05)Background: Although male circumcision reduces the heterosexual HIV transmission risk, its effect may be attenuated if circumcised men increase sexual risk behaviours (SRB) due to perceived low risk. In Uganda information ... -
Determinants of self-perceived risk of HIV infection: population-based observations in Zambia
(Master thesis, 2008-06-06)Background Perception of risk of HIV infection has been suggested to be an important area of study as it can be an assumed to be an indicator of one’s understanding of susceptibility to HIV infection and a precursor to ... -
Determinants of voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) uptake among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nepal
(Master thesis, 2015-05-29)Background: In an era of treatment as prevention, voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) is a crucial point to link individuals with HIV infection with treatment, care and support. VCT also promotes safer behavior (e.g. ... -
Echoes of old HIV paradigms: Reassessing the problem of engaging men in HIV testing and treatment through women's perspectives
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017-10-05)Background: With the introduction of 2016 World Health Organization guidelines recommending universal antiretroviral therapy (ART), there has been increased recognition of the lack of men engaging in HIV testing and ... -
An educational intervention to update health workers about HIV and infant feeding
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019-12)Clinical guidelines are used to translate research findings into evidence‐based clinical practice but are frequently not comprehensively adopted by health workers (HWs). HIV and infant feeding guidelines were revised by ... -
HIV patients with latent tuberculosis living in a low-endemic country do not develop active disease during a 2 year follow-up; a Norwegian prospective multicenter study
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2014-12-17)Background: Interferon-γ release assays (IGRA) serve as immunodiagnostics of tuberculosis (TB) infection to identify individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) eligible for preventive anti-TB therapy. In this longitudinal ... -
HIV/AIDS-related attitudes and oral impacts on daily performances: a cross-sectional study of Sudanese adult dental patients
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2013-08-26)Background Few studies have investigated the relationships between HIV-related knowledge, fear of contagion in dental environments and Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) among dental patients. Our objectives were to ... -
"How could I take my pills when I can't even afford food?" Barriers to adherence to antiretroviral treatment for HIV infected adults in Ethiopia
(Master thesis, 2008-06-06)Problem statement: The regime of antiretroviral therapy (ART) which transforms HIV/AIDS from a deadly disease into a possible chronic condition has become increasingly available for a growing number of patients in sub-Saharan ... -
In Utero ART Exposure and Birth and Early Growth Outcomes Among HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants Attending Immunization Services: Results From National PMTCT Surveillance, South Africa
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017-10)Background. Despite the recognized benefit of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for preventing and treating HIV, some studies have reported adverse birth outcomes with in utero ART exposure. We evaluated the effect of infant ... -
IP-10 differentiates between active and latent tuberculosis irrespective of HIV status and declines during therapy
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2015-04)Objectives: Biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy efficacy in tuberculosis (TB) are requested. We have studied biomarkers that may differentiate between active and latent TB infection (LTBI), the influence of HIV infection ... -
Is antiretroviral medication adherence associated with self-compassion and HIV-related stigma among people living with HIV in Shanghai, China?
(Master thesis, 2014-08-15)Anti-retroviral medication (ARV) adherence plays an important role in successful treatment outcome and preventing further transmission. However, stigma is recognized as an obstacle to achieve optimal ARV medication adherence. ... -
Neurological disorders in Tanzania. Studies on HIV-I, Guillain-Barré syndrome and konzo
(Doctoral thesis, 1995-04-27)This thesis is the result of clinical studies carried out in Northern Tanzania from 1984-1992 and reports on a number of new clinical entities. These are HIV related neurological disorders, konzo and new forms of existing ... -
Neurology in Africa: Clinical Skills and Neurological Disorders
(Book, 2012)Neurology in Africa is a new textbook on neurological disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa where they are a common cause of death and disability. The author has spent many years working as physician and neurologist in Tanzania. ... -
“Now that you are circumcised, you cannot have first sex with your wife”: post circumcision sexual behaviours and beliefs among men in Wakiso district, Uganda
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017)Introduction: Safe male circumcision is an important biomedical intervention in the comprehensive HIV prevention programmes implemented in 14 sub-Saharan African countries with high HIV prevalence. To sustain its partial ... -
Pre-ART retention in care and prevalence of tuberculosis among HIV-infected children at a district hospital in southern Ethiopia
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2014-10-04)Background: The Ethiopian epidemic is currently on the wane. However, the situation for infected children is in some ways lagging behind due to low treatment coverage and deficient prevention of mother-to-child transmission. ... -
Prevalence and molecular characterisation of human adenovirus in diarrhoeic children in Tanzania; a case control study
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2014-12-12)Background: Human adenovirus (HAdV) causes acute diarrhoea sporadically, as well as in outbreaks. Understanding the prevalence and types of HAdV in diarrhoea is important for control and preventive measures, especially in ... -
The Prevalence of HIV among Registered TB Patients in Public DOTS Clinic of Ethiopia's Capital, Addis Ababa
(Master thesis, 2011-08-15)HIV and TB are major public health problem undermining socio-economic development. HIV is the main reason for failure to meet tuberculosis control target. Considering this fact, a descriptive study was conducted in Addis ... -
The relationship between individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic factors and HIV prevalence in a national population based survey conducted in Zambia
(Master thesis, 2012-06-02)Background: Emerging issues in HIV prevention include the importance of considering underlying social and economic factors at the community and individual level. We examined the associations between individual and neighbourhood ...