dc.contributor.author | Østgaard, Nikolai | |
dc.contributor.author | Cummer, S.A. | |
dc.contributor.author | Mezentsev, Andrey | |
dc.contributor.author | Luque, Alejandro | |
dc.contributor.author | Dwyer, J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Neubert, Torsten | |
dc.contributor.author | Reglero, Victor | |
dc.contributor.author | Marisaldi, Martino | |
dc.contributor.author | Kochkin, Pavlo | |
dc.contributor.author | Sarria, David Alexandre Stephan | |
dc.contributor.author | Lehtinen, Nikolai Grigorievich | |
dc.contributor.author | Ullaland, Kjetil | |
dc.contributor.author | Yang, Shiming | |
dc.contributor.author | Genov, Georgi | |
dc.contributor.author | Chanrion, Olivier | |
dc.contributor.author | Christiansen, Freddy | |
dc.contributor.author | Pu, Y. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-03-16T13:39:06Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-03-16T13:39:06Z | |
dc.date.created | 2022-01-25T13:53:12Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 2169-897X | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2985601 | |
dc.description.abstract | On February 8, 2019, the Atmosphere-Space Interaction Monitor observed a terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF) and an Elve from a positive intracloud (+IC) lightning during the initial breakdown stage of a lightning flash north east of Puerto Rico. A second Elve produced by the return stroke (RS) of a negative cloud-to-ground (−CG) lightning was observed 456 ms later about 300 km south of the first one. Radio measurements show that a short (30 μs) and large (280 kA km) energetic in-cloud pulse (EIP) produced the electromagnetic (EM) wave for the first Elve while the RS of the −CG was the EM source for the second Elve. Assuming that the EIP and the RS were the sources of the 777 nm emissions, both the delay relative to the ultra-violet pulse and the shape and duration of the 777 nm emissions can be explained by scattering and absorption inside the clouds. The TGF produced by the +IC lightning had the same duration as the EIP (∼30 μs). Due to the ±80 μs timing uncertainty of the TGF, we can only state that TGF was produced just before or most likely simultaneously with the EIP. The large 777 nm pulse indicates that a large part of the EIP was produced by a current flowing in a hot channel, but it is likely that the TGF current also contributed significantly to the EIP. | en_US |
dc.language.iso | eng | en_US |
dc.publisher | Wiley | en_US |
dc.rights | Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal | * |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no | * |
dc.title | Simultaneous Observations of EIP, TGF, Elve, and Optical Lightning | en_US |
dc.type | Journal article | en_US |
dc.type | Peer reviewed | en_US |
dc.description.version | publishedVersion | en_US |
dc.rights.holder | Copyright 2021. The Authors | en_US |
dc.source.articlenumber | e2020JD033921 | en_US |
cristin.ispublished | true | |
cristin.fulltext | original | |
cristin.qualitycode | 2 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1029/2020JD033921 | |
dc.identifier.cristin | 1989555 | |
dc.source.journal | Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Atmospheres | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2021, 126 (11), e2020JD033921. | en_US |
dc.source.volume | 126 | en_US |
dc.source.issue | 11 | en_US |