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dc.contributor.authorLi, Kun
dc.contributor.authorAndré, Mats
dc.contributor.authorEriksson, Anders
dc.contributor.authorWei, Yong
dc.contributor.authorCui, Jun
dc.contributor.authorHåland, Stein Egil
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-22T07:32:34Z
dc.date.available2022-04-22T07:32:34Z
dc.date.created2021-10-15T10:56:52Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.issn2296-424X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2992136
dc.description.abstractCold ions with low (a few eV) thermal energies and also often low bulk drift energies, dominate the ion population in the Earth’s magnetosphere. These ions mainly originate from the ionosphere. Here we concentrate on cold ions in the high latitude polar regions, where magnetic field lines are open and connected to the magnetotail. Outflow from the ionosphere can modify the dynamics of the magnetosphere. In-situ observations of low energy ions are challenging. In the low-density polar regions the equivalent spacecraft potential is often large compared to cold ion energies and the ions cannot reach the spacecraft. Rather, a supersonic ion flow creates an enhanced wake. The local electric field associated with this wake can be used to detect the drifting cold ions, and this wake technique can be used for statistical studies. In this paper, we review some of the key results obtained from this technique. These results help us to understand how cold ionospheric outflow varies with various conditions of solar activities and the Earth’s intrinsic magnetic field.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherFrontiersen_US
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleHigh-latitude cold ion outflow inferred from the Cluster wake observations in the magnetotail lobes and the polar cap regionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2021 The Author(s)en_US
dc.source.articlenumber743316en_US
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fphy.2021.743316
dc.identifier.cristin1946153
dc.source.journalFrontiers in Physicsen_US
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 223252en_US
dc.identifier.citationFrontiers in Physics. 2021, 9, 743316.en_US
dc.source.volume9en_US


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