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The enigmatic tropical alpine flora on the African sky islands is young, disturbed, and unsaturated

Kandziora, Martha; Gehrke, Berit; Popp, Magnus; Gizaw, Abel; Brochmann, Christian; Pirie, Michael David
Journal article, Peer reviewed
Accepted version
Åpne
Accepted version (Låst)
Permanent lenke
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2997806
Utgivelsesdato
2022
Metadata
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Samlinger
  • Department of Natural History [229]
  • Registrations from Cristin [5494]
Originalversjon
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2022, 119 (22), e2112737119.   10.1073/pnas.2112737119
Sammendrag
Tropical alpine floras are renowned for high endemism, spectacular giant rosette plants testifying to convergent adaptation to harsh climates with nightly frosts, and recruitment dominated by long-distance dispersal from remote areas. In contrast to the larger, more recent (late Miocene onward) and contiguous expanses of tropical alpine habitat in South America, the tropical alpine flora in Africa is extremely fragmented across small patches on distant mountains of variable age (Oligocene onward). How this has affected the colonization and diversification history of the highly endemic but species-poor afroalpine flora is not well known. Here we infer phylogenetic relationships of ∼20% of its species using novel genome skimming data and published matrices and infer a timeframe for species origins in the afroalpine region using fossil-calibrated molecular clocks. Although some of the mountains are old, and although stem node ages may substantially predate colonization, most lineages appear to have colonized the afroalpine during the last 5 or 10 My. The accumulation of species increased exponentially toward the present. Taken together with recent reports of extremely low intrapopulation genetic diversity and recent intermountain population divergence, this points to a young, unsaturated, and dynamic island scenario. Habitat disturbance caused by the Pleistocene climate oscillations likely induced cycles of colonization, speciation, extinction, and recolonization. This study contributes to our understanding of differences in the histories of recruitment on different tropical sky islands and on oceanic islands, providing insight into the general processes shaping their remarkable floras.
Beskrivelse
Under embargo until: 2022-11-26
Utgiver
National Academy of Sciences
Tidsskrift
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Copyright 2022 The Author(s)

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