Surgical treatment outcome of children with neural-tube defect: A prospective cohort study in a high volume center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Introduction: Prevalence of neural tube defects (NTD) is high thus many children are born with a neural tube defect in Addis Ababa, and surgical closure is a commonly performed procedure at the pediatric neurosurgical specialty center.

Research question: The primary aim is to study the outcomes in children undergoing surgical closure of NTDs and to identify risk factors for readmission, complications and mortality.

Material and methods: Single-center prospective study of all surgically treated NTDs from April 2019 to May 2020.

Results: A total of 228 children, mean age 11 days (median 4) underwent surgery during the study period. There were no in-hospital deaths. Perioperatively 11 (4.8%) children developed wound complications, none of them needed surgery and there was no perioperative mortality. The one-year follow-up rate was 62.7% (143/228) and neurological status remained stable since discharge in all. The readmission and reoperation rates were 38 % and 8 % and risk factors for readmission were hydrocephalus (80%) and open defects (88%). Hydrocephalus (P = 0.05) and younger age (P = 0.02) were identified as risk factors for mortality. The wound-related complication rate was 55% at and was associated with large defects (P = 0.04) and delayed closure due to late hospital presentation (P = 0.01).

Discussion and conclusion: The study reveals good perioperative surgical outcome and further need for systematic improvement in treatment and follow-up of NTD patients especially with hydrocephalus. We identified risk factors for wound-related complications, readmission and mortality.