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dc.contributor.authorKageyama, Masa
dc.contributor.authorSime, Louise C.
dc.contributor.authorSicard, Marie
dc.contributor.authorGuarino, Maria-Vittoria
dc.contributor.authorDe Vernal, A
dc.contributor.authorStein, Ruediger
dc.contributor.authorSchroeder, david
dc.contributor.authorMalmierca-Vallet, Irene
dc.contributor.authorAbe-Ouchi, Ayako
dc.contributor.authorBitz, Cecilia M.
dc.contributor.authorBraconnot, Pascale
dc.contributor.authorBrady, Esther C.
dc.contributor.authorCao, Jian
dc.contributor.authorChamberlain, Matthew
dc.contributor.authorFeltham, Danny
dc.contributor.authorGuo, Chuncheng
dc.contributor.authorLegrande, Allegra N.
dc.contributor.authorLohmann, Gerrit
dc.contributor.authorMeissner, Katrin
dc.contributor.authorMenviel, Laurie
dc.contributor.authorNisancioglu, Kerim Hestnes
dc.contributor.authorOtto-Bliesner, Bette L.
dc.contributor.authorO'ishi, Ryouta
dc.contributor.authorRamos Buarque, Silvan
dc.contributor.authorSalas y Mélia, David
dc.contributor.authorSherriff-Tadano, Sam
dc.contributor.authorStroeve, Julienne C.
dc.contributor.authorShi, Xiaoxu
dc.contributor.authorSun, Bo
dc.contributor.authorThomas, Robert
dc.contributor.authorVolodin, Evgeny
dc.contributor.authorYeung, Nicholas K.H.
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Qiong
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Zhongshi
dc.contributor.authorZheng, Weipeng
dc.contributor.authorZiehn, Tilo
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-25T13:24:35Z
dc.date.available2021-05-25T13:24:35Z
dc.date.created2021-01-11T10:24:05Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.issn1814-9324
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2756339
dc.description.abstractThe Last Interglacial period (LIG) is a period with increased summer insolation at high northern latitudes, which results in strong changes in the terrestrial and marine cryosphere. Understanding the mechanisms for this response via climate modelling and comparing the models' representation of climate reconstructions is one of the objectives set up by the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project for its contribution to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Here we analyse the results from 16 climate models in terms of Arctic sea ice. The multi-model mean reduction in minimum sea ice area from the pre industrial period (PI) to the LIG reaches 50 % (multi-model mean LIG area is 3.20×106 km2, compared to 6.46×106 km2 for the PI). On the other hand, there is little change for the maximum sea ice area (which is 15–16×106 km2 for both the PI and the LIG. To evaluate the model results we synthesise LIG sea ice data from marine cores collected in the Arctic Ocean, Nordic Seas and northern North Atlantic. The reconstructions for the northern North Atlantic show year-round ice-free conditions, and most models yield results in agreement with these reconstructions. Model–data disagreement appear for the sites in the Nordic Seas close to Greenland and at the edge of the Arctic Ocean. The northernmost site with good chronology, for which a sea ice concentration larger than 75 % is reconstructed even in summer, discriminates those models which simulate too little sea ice. However, the remaining models appear to simulate too much sea ice over the two sites south of the northernmost one, for which the reconstructed sea ice cover is seasonal. Hence models either underestimate or overestimate sea ice cover for the LIG, and their bias does not appear to be related to their bias for the pre-industrial period. Drivers for the inter-model differences are different phasing of the up and down short-wave anomalies over the Arctic Ocean, which are associated with differences in model albedo; possible cloud property differences, in terms of optical depth; and LIG ocean circulation changes which occur for some, but not all, LIG simulations. Finally, we note that inter-comparisons between the LIG simulations and simulations for future climate with moderate (1 % yr−1) CO2 increase show a relationship between LIG sea ice and sea ice simulated under CO2 increase around the years of doubling CO2. The LIG may therefore yield insight into likely 21st century Arctic sea ice changes using these LIG simulations.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherCopernicusen_US
dc.relation.urihttps://cp.copernicus.org/articles/17/37/2021/
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleA multi-model CMIP6-PMIP4 study of Arctic sea ice at 127 ka: sea ice data compilation and model differencesen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2020 The Authorsen_US
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1
dc.identifier.doi10.5194/cp-17-37-2021
dc.identifier.cristin1868651
dc.source.journalClimate of the Pasten_US
dc.source.4017
dc.source.141
dc.source.pagenumber37–62en_US
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 246929en_US
dc.relation.projectNotur/NorStore: NN4659Ken_US
dc.relation.projectEC/FP7/610055en_US
dc.identifier.citationClimate of the Past. 2021, 17(1), 37–62en_US
dc.source.volume17en_US
dc.source.issue1en_US


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