The neutrophil protein S100A12 is associated with a comprehensive ultrasonographic synovitis score in a longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with adalimumab

Abstract

Background: The calcium-binding protein S100A12 correlates with measures of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The protein reflects neutrophil activation and the present objective was to explore in a pilot study the associations between S100A12 and other inflammatory markers, clinical assessments as well as degree of synovitis detected by a comprehensive ultrasonography (US) examination in RA patients during biologic treatment. Methods: Twenty patients with RA were examined clinically and by use of US as well as laboratory markers S100A12, calprotectin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) before starting adalimumab, with follow-up after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Ultrasonographic B-mode (BM) and power Doppler (PD) assessments of 78 joints, 36 tendons/tendon groups and 2 bursas were performed, and sum US scores calculated. Wilcoxon signed rank test assessed treatment response and Spearman rank correlation test was used to calculate correlations. Results: The concentrations of S100A12 decreased after 3 months (p < 0.01) and significant correlations were found between S100A12 and the other laboratory markers during follow-up (0.50-0.62, p < 0.05). Of the clinical assessments, S100A12 had highest correlations with the assessor’s global VAS (0.46-0.85, p < 0.05). Compared with CRP and ESR, S100A12 showed higher correlations with the sum US scores (both BM and PD), with median (range) correlation coefficients of 0.55 (0.35-0.78 (NS-p < 0.001)) for sum BM scores and 0.45 (0.27-0.75 (NS-p < 0.001)) for sum PD scores. Conclusions: The S100A12 protein was significantly associated with other inflammatory markers, clinical assessments as well as sum US scores, indicating that S100A12 is a potential marker of inflammation in RA patients.