Browsing Faculty of Medicine by Title
Now showing items 883-902 of 8872
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Breastfeeding and HIV: experiences from a decade of prevention of postnatal HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2010-10-26)Infant feeding by HIV-infected mothers has been a major global public health dilemma and a highly controversial matter. The controversy is reflected in the different sets of WHO infant feeding guidelines that have been ... -
Breastfeeding and maternal health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2015-11-04)Aim. To evaluate the effect of breastfeeding on long-term (breast carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus) and short-term (lactational amenorrhoea, postpartum depression, postpartum weight ... -
Breastfeeding patterns and its determinants among mothers living with Human Immuno-deficiency Virus -1 in four African countries participating in the ANRS 12174 trial
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017-05-02)Background: HIV-1 transmission rates have been reduced over the last decade, an estimated 2 million new infections per year arise, including 220,000 paediatric cases. The main post-natal HIV exposure is through breastfeeding, ... -
Breastfeeding patterns and mothers’health in an HIV context in Sub Saharan Africa
(Doctoral thesis, 2019-04-12)Introduction It has been estimated that breastfeeding is a healthier alternative than replacement feeding because of its nutritional and immunological values. If optimally implemented it has the potential to save children’s ... -
Breastfeeding practices and health facility births in South Sudan
(Doctoral thesis, 2020-01-09)Introduction: Studies on the determinants of breastfeeding practices and health facility utilization have not been conducted in South Sudan. This thesis assessed the prevalence and determinants of suboptimal breastfeeding ... -
Breathing patterns in people with exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is common, but we lack readily available diagnostic tools. The larynx represents an important point of resistance in the airways, and we therefore hypothesized that EILO is ... -
Breathlessness across generations: results from the RHINESSA generation study
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)Background Breathlessness is a major cause of suffering and disability globally. The symptom relates to multiple factors including asthma and lung function, which are influenced by hereditary factors. No study has evaluated ... -
Bridge over troubled water – om broreparasjoner med retrograd fremstilte rotstifter
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)I denne kasuistikken beskrives en metode for å løse et klinisk problem som ofte oppstår blant eldre, munntørre pasienter med protetiske konstruksjoner. Bruk av retrograd fremstilt rotstift kan hos enkelte være en effektiv ... -
Bridging the evidence gap for implementing antibiotic stewardship in Norway: Interventions, process measures and patient outcomes related to antibiotic prescribing in hospitals
(Doctoral thesis, 2019-12-09)Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a major challenge for patient safety worldwide, as a growing number of infections become difficult to treat and the advances made in modern medicine are threatened. Overuse and misuse ... -
Bridging the Gap between Primary Care and Specialized Mental Health Care. A mixed method study of the quality of referral information and the referral letters’ potential impact on quality of care
(Doctoral thesis, 2016-06-22)Background. A major cause of adverse events in health care is insufficient information transference between health professionals. Despite the cardinal role of referral letters as the means of communication between primary ... -
Bridging the Gap for Children With Compound Health Challenges: An Intervention Protocol
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)Background: During the last decades, there is a major shift in the panorama of diseases in children and adolescents. More children are referred to the specialized health care services due to less specific symptoms and more ... -
Brief communication: Effects of conditioned media from human platelet lysate cultured MSC on osteogenic cell differentiation in vitro
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)Culturing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in human platelet lysate (HPL) supplemented media can enhance their osteogenic differentiation potential. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that conditioned ... -
Brief international cognitive assessment for MS (BICAMS) and global brain volumes in early stages of MS – A longitudinal correlation study
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)Background: Cognitive impairment is common in patients with multiple sclerosis, even in the early stages of the disease. The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS) is a short screening ... -
A Brief Review on the Regulatory Roles of MicroRNAs in Cystic Diseases and Their Use as Potential Biomarkers
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)miRNAs are small endogenous conserved non-coding RNA molecules that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression through mRNA degradation or translational inhibition, modulating nearly 60% of human genes. Cystic diseases ... -
Bronchial hyper-responsiveness after preterm birth
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018-03)Being born preterm often adversely affects later lung function. Airway obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) are common findings. Respiratory symptoms in asthma and in lung disease after preterm birth might ... -
Bronchodilator response and lung function decline: Associations with exhaled nitric oxide with regard to sex and smoking status
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)Background Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a marker of type-2 inflammation used both to support diagnosis of asthma and follow up asthma patients. The associations of FeNO with lung function decline and ... -
Bronchoscopy of lesions suspicious of malignancy: Predictors of a higher diagnostic yield, the optimal combination of sampling techniques, and evaluation of endobronchial ultrasound with a rotating miniprobe. A retrospective cohort study and a prospective open randomised real-life study among physicians with various levels of experience
(Doctoral thesis, 2011-11-04)Aims (1) To evaluate various predictors for a higher diagnostic yield in bronchoscopy (2) To evaluate different combinations of sampling techniques in bronchoscopy of endobronchial visible lesions and peripheral lesions ... -
Bruk av Dynamisk Lycra Ortose hos førskulebarn med patologisk forseinka motorisk utvikling - ein multiple case studie
(Master thesis, 2016-05-29)Background: Children with pathological delayed motor development, found with reduced postural control and hypotonia, were permitted to try out lycraorthose based on a multidisciplinary evaluation at a specialist habilitation ... -
Bruk av elektroniske meldinger i pleie- og omsorgstjenesten
(Master thesis, 2014)Background: Information exchange between healthcare levels is seen upon as a critical factor to contribute to continuity of patient care. Authorities point out that the primary communication form should take place ... -
Bruk av genetiske opplysninger utenfor helsevesenet
(Master thesis, 2012-09-02)Background: Genetic information entails information about future risk of disease or information about carrier status. The Human Medical use of Biotechnology Act (2003) § 5-8 prohibits the use of this form of genetic ...